How do vibrations in materials set up wave disturbances that spread away from the source?

Question

Please.
Anything will help.
Thankyou

Answer 1

Energy travels downhill. That is, higher energy will always degrade to lower energy. And one way for that to happen is for the energy to spread out from the higher energy source to outlying areas where the energy is lower. This is why heat travels towards the colder (lower energy) areas for example.

Vibrations are indications of energy. The higher the frequencies of the vibrations, the higher is the energy content. This follows for both transverse (S) waves and for compression (P) waves. For example, if a steel bar is hammered at one end, the sound waves will spread throuout the bar because the molecules at the source (where the bar was struck) share their high energy with the lower energy molecules next to them.

These in turn vibrate at or close to the frequencies at the source. In fact, not all the energy gets passed on due to friction losses and such. Further, as the sound spreads out, the total energy from the source is spread out over more and more area and/or volume. That results in lower energy densities and fewer and fewer next level molecules get excited. So that next level of molecules is not as energectic as those at the source.

As the sound spreads, the total amount of energy passed is less at each next level away from the sournce. Eventually the sound dies out because there is insufficient energy to pass on and excite the next level of molecules. And, to add to this weakness, the energy density is too sparse to excite many of the molecules even if there were sufficient total energy.

Answer 2

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