What would happen to the general circulating if the earth rotated backwards?

Question

like the Coriolis force, temperatures, Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cell and thermocline

Answer 1

This is an interesting question and should be looked mathematically with the equations of motion. But I am going to go out on a limb with what I think would occur. So this disclaimer should be sufficient.

The Coriolis would be reversed in the two hemispheres so that lows in the NH would have clockwise flow and highs would have counterclockwise flow. The opposite would occur in the southern hemisphere. The Hadley cell would drive westerlies between the equator and 30 N. The Ferrel cell between 30 and 60 north would drive easterlies where there are now westerlies. And once again in the polar region of 60 to 90 north, the polar easterlies would be replaced with polar westerlies.

Ocean current would have to adjust to the new atmospheric flow producing a cold current off the east coast of the US and a warm north flowing current off of California. Similar changes would also be seen elsewhere around the globe. These combinations of changes in the prevailing winds and ocean currents would bring about changes in the climates of the two coasts of North America and similar climate changes elsewhere around the globe such as along the coasts of Africa, Europe, and the south china sea coasts of China and Japan. Inland temperatures in, say, the United States would be moderated somewhat but would be very similar to what we now observe.

Answer 2

As you mention the Coriolis effect, you already know why low pressure turn counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern. If the earth was rotating the other way, that Coriolis effect would simply be inverted without causing much difference.
Of course, local climate would change because e.g. the Gulfstream won't anymore warm up north Europe, etc. But the Standard Atmosphere (15°C, 1013.25 hPa and 0.65°C cooling per 100 m altitude) would most probably be the same.

Answer 3

Nothing will happen except the reversal of wind flows.The direction of the global winds like trade winds,westerlies,and polar easterlies will be reversed both at ground level and upper levels(i.e. the direction of the reverse flow at upper level will also be reversed).The coriolis force will act in opposite direction with the result that the revolving storms will move towards west or north west and cross the continents on the western side. The direction of many ocean currents will also reversed and accordingly the place of origin many revolving storms may shift.
There will not be much change in the mean global temperature.
The Hadley,Ferner cells and polar cells will be there and as above said,the direction of winds between these cells will be in the opposite direction.

Answer 4

The overall picture would be the same but the fine detail would be different. If you think about it, the general circulation of north and south hemisphere is similar, if you stood on your head and looked at the earth it would be rotating the opposite way.

The fine detail though would change the climate drastically. The Amazon would become dry because the Andes would block the south-west trades (instead of southeast we have now), similar situation in USA. The ocean currents would run in the opposite direction so el nino wouldn't happen. It would be interesting to work out the details but I don't know if anyone has.