Geography Question?

Question

Do Clay layers Facilitate mass wasting?

Answer 1

Actually, I think it's more of a geology question. But the answer is Yes:

"Mining ground water We begin with five case histories in whichoverdraft of susceptible aquifer systems has resulted in regional,permanent subsidence and related ground failures.In alluvial aqui-fer systems,especially those that include semiconsolidated silt andclay layers (aquitards) of sufficient aggregate thickness,long-termground-water-level declines can result in a vast one-time release of“water of compaction”from compacting aquitards,which manifestsitself as land subsidence.Accompanying this release of water is alargely nonrecoverable reduction in the pore volume of the com-pacted aquitards,and thus an overall reduction in the total storagecapacity of the aquifer system.This“water of compaction”cannotbe reinstated by allowing water levels to recover to their predevelopment status."

"Mass wasting or landslides occur naturally in every environment. These events happen when gravitational forces pulling the soil down exceed the forces holding the soil on the slope. Some mass wasting events may occur prematurely due to human activities. Many factors can be antecedent to landslide events including the internal properties of the soil structure, vegetation, topography and water. The soil structure is based on how the soil was formed. Soils are decomposed materials and disintegrated rock of many different mineral compositions. This mixing of components will give each soil type a specific structure.

The Hoodsport Area, located on the east side Olympic Mountains bordering the Hood Canal, is underlain with basalt and clay in some areas, which has been covered with glacial till and outwash. This area receives large amounts of rainfall, averaging over 100 inches per year. The combination of large water inputs from rain and snow and areas with underlying clay can be an adverse combination leading to a landslide.

Two major slides occurred within the last year. One slide was on U.S. Highway 101 near Lilliwaup, closing the highway for a series of months. Another slide was on the Jorsted Road, Forest Service Road 24, also closing the road to any traffic. A picture of the slide on the Jorsted road can be seen in Figure 8. The road surface in the picture has only dropped a few feet; however, other portions of the slide in this area have depleted the road width to only a few feet.
Generous amounts of clay can be seen at both slides and the source of the failures appears to have been generated at the clay and soil interface. At this location, water is able to flow through the glacial till positioned above the clay.

Subsidence had been reported along the Jorsted road for a number of years, but no prediction of a mass wasting event was made. After the Jorsted slide, geologists and geotechnical engineers conducted slope stability analysis at the site. They concluded that the slide occurred on an ancient landslide scarp in undulating topography. This shows evidence of a series of deep-seated slope movements. Additionally, seepage was found from a low cutbank exposing the groundwater component to the instability of the slope."

Answer 2

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Answer 3

No, I think no

Bye!!