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2007-12-06 17:57:49 · 4 answers · asked by Anonymous in Arts & Humanities History

4 answers

Sparks96 has the summary. Only two problems I see with it

1) He didn't credit the source he copied his answer from. Here it is:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XYZ_Affair

2) The wikipedia article refers to Jefferson's party as "sensing that the American delegates were to blame". Whoever edited that seems confused. It seems to suggest they WERE to blame, when it turned out they were not. The line should say "SUSPECTING that... "

(Another minor quibble. It is NOT proper to refer to Jefferson's party as "Democratic-Republican", certainly not in the 1790s. They nearly always called themselves simply "Republican". The reason many sources use the compound title is largely to avoid reader confusion with the modern-day Republican Party founded in the 1850s, but the name is historically inaccurate.)

Some other interesting material on this, based on real experts on the subject --

Most would say "the three French officials". Well, that's not QUITE correct.

The three men who approached the three American commissioners to request a bribe (money and certain other favors) to see Talleyrand (the money was to go to him), though "agents" acting in behalf of Talleyrand were NOT "French officials".

They were all bankers, and though the letters from the American envoys and Adams's report initially gave them the anonymous labels "X" "Y" and "Z", their identities were later divulged as:
X - Jean Conrad Hottinguer, Swiss
Y -Pierre Bellamy - American financier living in Hamburg
Z -Lucien Hauteval, Swiss

http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0425920-00&templatename=/article/article.html

Actually, there was ANOTHER -- a Nicholas Hubbard-- referred to as "W", but he was only rarely mentioned, hence "XYZ" is the term that stuck.
http://www.constitution.org/lrev/kentvirg_watkins.txt

"The" book on this is William Stinchcombe's 1980 book, , *The XYZ Affair*. Compare his article -- "The Diplomacy of the WXYZ Affair," William and Mary Quarterly (1977), 221-45.

(Stinchcombe is a university history professor [at Syracuse University] specializing in diplomatic history. He also was an editor for the writings of John Marshall -- a member of the American delegation to France-- so that may account for his particular interest in this episode,)

2007-12-07 04:20:30 · answer #1 · answered by bruhaha 7 · 0 0

1. Who were your top 4 favorite good characters (try BESIDES the usual Hermione, Ron, Harry) ? Dobby, Hedwig, Sirius, Neville 2. Who were your top 3 BAD characters (like deatheaters, Malfoy, etc.) ? Voldemort (a given I'm sure), Malfoy, Snape (Yes I'm counting him as bad, only because he was seen as an antagonist throughout most the series) 3. Most TRAGIC, made-your-heart-stop deaths in the book? Dobby D: 4. Did you ever feel bad for any of the deatheaters or bad guys.?? No. They chose it. 5. How many times have you read the books? I've lost count. 6. Seriously, what do you honestly wanna say when you hear DOLORES UMBRIDGE.!? Uggg. I honestly have no words. 7. Did you ever have a feeling that Bellatrix Lestrange && Voldemort were having an affair? Lol! I havve a thought that they were for some reason! Hahaha! I didn't even think that until reading this question! That's hilarious. I can't say the thought crossed my mind though I wouldn't have been surprised.

2016-05-21 23:28:45 · answer #2 · answered by ? 3 · 0 0

The French seized nearly three hundred American ships bound for British ports in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. Federalist leaders such as Alexander Hamilton called for war, but President Adams sent a diplomatic delegation (Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry) to Paris in 1797 to negotiate peace. Three French agents, Jean Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval, demanded a large cash bribe for the delegation to speak to French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, a huge loan to help fund the French wars as a condition for continuing negotiations, and a formal apology for comments made by Adams.[2] The Americans broke off negotiations and went home. Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party, sensing that the American delegates were to blame for the failure, demanded to see the key documents. Adams released the delegation's report—with the names of the French agents changed to X, Y, and Z, whence the popular name of both the affair and the correspondence—setting off a firestorm of anti-French sentiment as Americans blamed the French.

2007-12-06 18:10:48 · answer #3 · answered by sparks9653 6 · 0 1

A little consideration, if you know what I mean.

(The French Republic offended Elbridge Gerry with their corruption. Really, that took skill.)

2007-12-06 18:55:38 · answer #4 · answered by Anonymous · 0 1

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