how does the land get polluted?

Question

what is the mode of transmission

Answer 1

When the smog from vehicles and factories goes up into the atmosphere, it mixes with the water up there, making acid rain. Then when there is to much water for the cloud to hold the water falls back down, bringing the impurities with it. The rain then goes into bodies of water, and the ground. Other ways of land pollution is commercial dumping, that is when companies or civilians dump there wast either into bodies of water or on the ground itself. The water is then evaporated and the impurities are not carried up with it this time, leaving the ground polluted.

Answer 2

Polluted Land

Answer 3

solid wasts dumped on land pose a serious environmental problem. these wastes come from different soures such as residential commercial and industrial premises the quantity of wastes and the methods of their treatment and disposal are important. Plastics are biodegradable because they are not affected by weather or bacteria. Hence a wide range of disposable goods made of plastics are convinient for consumers but they aggravate environmental problems.

Answer 4

Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth's land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself

This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals.

Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides .
waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops.

To control land pollution:

*anti-litter campaigns to educate people against littering;
*organic waste can be dumped in places far from residential areas;
*inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, but also paper, can be reclaimed and recycled.

Answer 5

Pesticides and all the substances people use to grow plants can infiltrate into the ground

Answer 6

septic tank water, chemical wastes, fertilisers, dumping garbage in water bodies.. too much sucking of water from land etc

Answer 7

causes of land pollution
As the demand for food has grown so high has field size and mechanization. The increase in field size is to make it economically viable for the farmer but results in loss of habitat and shelter for wildlife as hedgerows and copses disappear. When crops are harvested the naked soil is left open to wind blow after the heavy machinery has crossed and compacted it. Another consequence of more intensive agriculture is the move to monoculture. This is unnatural, it depletes the soil of nutrients, allows diseases and pests to spread and, in short, brings into play the use of chemical substances foreign to the environment.

These foreign chemicals fall into four major groups - pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.


Pesticides
Pesticides are any chemical used to remove pests whether they are plants or animals. They are used to kill wire worms and slugs that attack cereal crops and to kill ergot - Claviceps purpurea - a fungus that attacks crops and may get into human food.
Herbicides
Herbicides are used to kill weeds, especially on pavements and railways. They are similar to auxins and most are biodegradable by soil bacteria. However one group derived from trinitrophenol (2:4 D and 2:4:5 T) have the impurity dioxin which is very toxic and causes fatality even in low concentrations. It also causes spontaneous abortions, haemorraging and cancer. Agent Orange (50% 2:4:5 T) was used as a defoliant in Vietnam. Eleven million gallons were used and children born since then to American soldiers who served in this conflict, have shown increased physical and mental disabilities compared to the rest of the population. It affects the head of the sperm and the chromosomes inside it.

Another herbicide, much loved by murder story writers, is Paraquat. It is highly toxic but it rapidly degrades in soil due to the action of bacteria and does not kill soil fauna.


Fungicides
Fungicides are the group used to stop the growth of smuts and rusts on cereals, and mildews and molds like Mucor on plants. The problem is that they may contain copper and mercury. Copper is very toxic at 1ppm to water plants and fish and can enter the skin if being sprayed to reduce mildew and accumulate in the central nervous system. Organomercury compounds have been used to get rid of sedges which are insidious and difficult to remove. However it also can accumulate in birds’ central nervous system and kill them.


Insecticides
Insecticides are used to rid farmers of pests which damage crops. The insects damage not only standing crops but also stored ones and in the tropics it is reckoned that one third of the total production is lost during food storage. As with fungicides, the first used in the nineteenth century were inorganic e.g. Paris Green and other compounds of arsenic. Nicotine has also been used since the late eigtheenth century. There are now two main groups of synthetic ones -

Organochlorines

Organochlorines include DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin and BHC. They are cheap to produce, potent and persistent. DDT was used on a massive scale from the 1930s, with a peak of 72,000 tonnes used 1970. Then usage fell as the environmental problems were realized. It was found worldwide in fish and birds and was even discovered in the snow in the Antarctic. It is only slightly soluble in water but is very soluble in the bloodstream. It affects the nervous and enzyme systems and causes the eggshells of birds to lack calcium and be so fragile that they break easily. It is thought to be responsible for the decline of the numbers of birds of prey like ospreys and peregrine falcons in the 1950s - they are now recovering.

As well as increased concentration via the food chain, it is known to enter via permeable membranes, so fish get it through their gills. As it has low solubility it tends to stay at the surface, so organisms that live there are most affected. DDT found in fish that formed part of the human food chain caused concern but the levels found in the liver, kidney and brain tissues was less than 1ppm and in fat was 10 ppm which was below the level likely to cause harm. However DDT was banned in Britain and America to stop the further building up of it in the food chain. However, the USA exploited this ban and sold DDT to developing countries who could not afford the expensive replacement chemicals and who did not have such stringent regulations governing the use of pesticides.

Some insects have developed a resistance to insecticides - e.g. the Anopheles mosquito which carries malaria.

Organophosphates

Organophosphates, e.g. parathion, methyl parathion and about 40 other insecticides are available nationally. Parathion is highly toxic, methyl-parathion is less so and Malathion is generally considered safe as it has low toxicity and is rapidly broken down in the mammalian liver. This group works by preventing normal nerve transmission as cholinesterase is prevented from breaking down the transmitter substance acetylcholine, resulting in uncontrolled muscle movements.

Entry of a variety of pesticides into our water supplies causes concern to environmental groups, as in many cases the long term effects of these specific chemicals is not known.

Limits came into force in July 1985 and were so frequently broken that in 1987 formal proceedings were taken against the British government. Britain is still the only European state to use Aldrin and organochlorines, although it was supposed to stop in 1993. East Anglia has the worst record for pesticide contamination of drinking water. Of the 350 pesticides used in Britain, only 50 can be analyzed - this is a worrying thought for many people

Answer 8

BY JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING MANKIND DOES TO EXIST ON PLANET EARTH.