which river is called the sorrow of bihar(india)?

Question

is it gandak,kosi or ganga?

Answer 1

The Sorrow Of Bihar : Kosi River

By Dr. AB Thapa

There are two rivers in Asia, which were known in the past as the rivers of sorrow. The Huang Ho River in China , which is also called the Yellow River, was known as the “Sorrow of China”. Similarly, the Kosi River that flows from Nepal to India was known as the “ Sorrow of Bihar”. Both these two rivers were named “River of Sorrow” because they had caused widespread human suffering in the past. At present, the Kosi and the Yellow River have nothing in common. The Yellow River is already completely controlled, as a result, it does not anymore pose threat to people. The Kosi still remains totally unregulated. At present, the embankments built on both sides of the Kosi few decades back have temporarily helped to control this river. It is feared that very soon the Kosi would abandon its present course triggering off a new cycle of damages and destructions. After such incident, the Kosi might not anymore be only the sorrow of Bihar. It could be the sorrow of the West Bengal and Bangladesh apart from the terrible havoc the Kosi floods could be playing with the safety of people in southeastern Nepal.

In the Past

The Kosi river known as the river of sorrow of the Bihar shifted from east to west over 12O km in the last 200 years. In the past about 8000 sq. km. of lands had been laid waste because of the sand deposit. In course of shifting, many towns and villages were wiped out, and heavy losses of property, cattle, and human life were inflicted. Fortunately, the embankments built few decades ago temporarily helped to check the lateral shifting of the Kosi. But at present the detention basin upstream of the barrage at Hanumannagar is almost full of sediments. Soon the embankments would be ineffective to control the Kosi floods.

The Kosi river is now on the verge of shifting to the east far away from its present course. The peoples of Nepal and India are heading for a natural disaster of an unprecedented scale. But it appears that only very few in Nepal and India have realized the extent of this danger. It would be unfortunate if the Kosi swing to the east takes the life and property of millions in South Asia by surprise while the governments of Nepal and India would merely be silent spectator.

Rise in Kosi River Bed Level

The Kosi River brings every year an enormous quantity of sediments from its catchments in the mountains. Sir Claude Inglis an expert on Kosi had attributed the shift of the Kosi River channel to excessive sand load carried by the river. Leopold and Maddock considering Kosi behavior had stated that a braided stream will tend to shift laterally at a rate dependent on the rate of accumulation of material being deposited. As one course becomes higher than possible adjacent paths, the river would shift.

Data published in the American Society of Civil Engineering in March, 1966 indicate that in the period between 1938 and 1957 every year on an average about 100 million cubic meters of sediments used to be deposited on the Kosi River bed. The maximum such deposition was around Nirmali in India not far away from the Hanumannagar. There was very big change in sediment deposition pattern immediately after the completion of the Kosi barrage in 1963. The results of the Kosi River channel study for post barrage period have been published by V.C. Galgali, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune (India), and Gohain & Prakash of Roorke University. All the past studies confirm that the Kosi River bed just upstream of the barrage has significantly aggraded due to sediment deposition. On account of ponding, sediment deposition had occurred, flattening the bed gradient. The bed slope of the river in the pond area was abut 0.61 m per km in the year 1956 prior to construction of the barrage, which became flatter to about 0.42 m per km in the year 1969, ie in six years of the functioning of the barrage. Studies were made to determine the sediment deposition based on post flood 1963 and 1970 surveys These studies indicated that about 35 million cu.m. sediments had deposited in the pond length of about 10 km upstream of the barrage, giving an average depth of about 0.4 m in about 8 years with a rate of bed level rise at about 0.05 m per annum.

Alarming Situation

Few years after the commissioning of the Kosi barrage there was a big flood in 1968. A discharge of about 25,000 cumecs was recorded. The flood at that time did not pose any serious threat. At present the conditions might be altogether different. It is said that whenever the discharge exceeds 9,000 cumecs , which is fairly common, the whole area between the embankments is submerged. Such observations raise the fear that a flood similar to 1968 flood in magnitude could prove to be catastrophic. It should be further remembered that the 1968 Kosi flood is not exceptionally rare. A flood of this magnitude has already been observed twice within the last 50 years. Fortunately in course of the last 35 years the maximum flood discharge of the Kosi River has not exceeded 16,000 cumecs.

Embankments Would be Ineffective

Embankments built a few decades ago temporarily helped to check the lateral shifting of the Kosi. The detention basin upstream of the Kosi barrage near Hanumannagar is going to be very soon full. After that the embankments would be ineffective to prevent the lateral shifting of the Kosi. It is predicted that the Kosi would again take its 1732 course. The farthest position of the new course of the Kosi is expected to be about 120 km away from its present course. The swing of the Kosi river to the east could be sudden and almost unexpected because nobody yet exactly knows when it is going to happen. The people would be completely taken by surprise. So the loss of life could be very high. In a similar type of 1938 flood incident of the Yellow River in China the number of people killed alone was about half a million. It does not need to be further explained that such shifting of the Kosi to the east would be a biggest disaster for the whole region. Generally, the flood damages are temporary in nature but the Kosi flood damages would be widespread and also permanent in nature. Mr. Shilling Feld an expert on Kosi, has warned a longtime ago that the eastward movement of the Kosi will be in one big swing accompanied with great loss of life and property.

Answer 2

Sorrow Of Bihar

Answer 3

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Yes. "Mother of Sorrow" is one of the titles given to the Blessed Virgin Mary. She knew from the moment that Simeon prophesied about Jesus in the Temple that she would suffer because of His passion and death. Simeon told her that the pain would be like a sword piercing her heart, and I can't think of a more apt metaphor for having to watch your beloved child beaten almost to death, mocked, crowned with thorns, forced to drag a cross through the streets of Jerusalem, and then undergo the hideous death of crucifixion. Mary was indeed the Sorrowful Mother.

Answer 4

The sorrows: at the prophecy of Simeon; at the flight into Egypt; having lost the Holy Child at Jerusalem; meeting Jesus on his way to Calvary; standing at the foot of the Cross; Jesus being taken from the Cross; at the burial of Christ.

Answer 5

This is an interesting question, and one that intrigued me for quite a while.

Answer 6

GANGE

Answer 7

sorry! don't know