How can you tell science from pseudoscience?

Question

How do you, as a layperson, decide what you think is science and what you think is pseudoscience?

Of course, there are elements in science that fit well into common technology that we prove daily (no one denies the existence of microwaves or the legitimacy of aspirin, for instance); but I'm curious about the things scientists know but can't prove to the general public (either because it's not applicable to technology, because the proofs require extensive educations to understand, or both).

How do you separate the astrology from the astronomy, the chemistry from the alchemy, the cutting edge from the science fiction? If someone tells you about a spectacular new medical technology, how do you decide if it's a great breakthrough or a snake-oil health fad?

I work in physics (quantum and particle physics), and I'm curious about perspectives on this matter from people who aren't scientists; I'm curious how everyday people decide what to trust as legitimate and what not to trust.

Answer 1

You have just provided a good reason everyone should learn science, as far as they are capable. It helps you detect fraud. Failing that, you try to get an intelligent, educated, impartial person to help you evaluate it. Nowadays you can do your own research online and see if the idea has support from reputable sources. Even a scientist who doesn't happen to be knowledgeable in that field does that.

Take my answer with half a grain of salt, since I'm only half a layperson. I have a science background and science interest but worked as an engineer. But I know what people ask me about, and I see the people who fall for the pseudoscience.

Answer 2

Pseudoscience never adds up. Their is always a hole. Normally if it sounds too good to be true it is. You can see it a mile off if you train the eye, things just don’t add up.

Answer 3

With great difficulty. Usually by thermodynamic laws. If the science doesn't agree with thermodynamics then it is crap.