symphony .?

Question

how many parts does a respected symphony have and can you name them

this would help me greatly, thanks

P.S. is there another category that I could get good answers from?

sorry...
by parts I mean the individual instrumental parts

Answer 1

This has varied throughout musical history. In mid-Classical times Haydn and Mozart would write for an orchestra along these lines:
1 flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings*
50 years later, Beethoven had expanded the orchestra in his 9th symphony (for example) to:
1 piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani and percussion.
During this time string sections would have become larger too, to balance the extra wind/percussion parts.
Berlioz helped expand the orchestra even more so that, just 3 years after Beethoven's death, his Symphonie Fantastique called for:
1 piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 1 cor anglais, 3 clarinets (including E-flat clarinet), 4 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, 2 ophicleides, 2 sets of timpani, percussion (including bells), 4 harps and a much enlarged (again) string section
The orchestra just kept getting bigger and bigger through the Romantic 19th century until, with Mahler, it had grown to over 100 players.

The orchestras that composers called for became slightly smaller again during the 20th century but started to include some 'exotic' instruments - largely percussion instruments newly invented or imported from outside Europe.

A standard symphony orchestra today would normally comprise:
1 piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 1 cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 1 bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba, timpani, percussion, 1 or 2 harps and strings.

Hope that helps.

* strings always comprising 1st and 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses.

Answer 2

Standard instrumentation for a Classical era Symphony such as Mozart Sym. No. 41:

1,2,0,2 -- 2,2,0,0 - Tmp, Str. which in "score order" needs these players =

1 Flute, 2 Oboe, no Clarinets, 2 Bassoons - 2 French Horns, 2 Trumpets, no trombones, no Tuba - Timpani, no Percussion players- Strings usually 12 1st Violins, 10 2nd violin, 8 Violas, 6 Cellos, 4 Double Bass players.

Standard instrumentation for a Romantic era Symphony such as Rachmaninov's Symphony No. 2
3[1.2.3/pic] 3[1.2.3/Eh] 3[1.2.bcl] 2 — 4 3 3 1 — tmp+3(bd, cym, sd, glock) — str
which in "score order" needs these players :
3 Flutes with 3rd doubling on piccolo; 3 Oboes with 3rd doubling on English Horn; 2 Clarinets in A and Bb, Bass Clarinet; 2 Bassoons[ no contrabassoon] - 4 Horns in E and F; 3 Trumpets in A and Bb; 3 Trombones; 1 Tuba - 1 timpani player plus 3 percussionist playing Bass Drum, Snare Drum, Crash and Suspended Cymbals, Orchestra bells - Strings usually 16 1st Violins, 14 2nd Violins, 12 Violas, 10 Cellos, 8 Double Basses.

Answer 3

Sammartini wrote symphonies with as few as 3 parts.

Answer 4

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Answer 5

1st violins, 2nd violins, viola, cello, bass, flute/piccolo, oboe/english horn, bassoon, clarinet, trumpet, french horn, trombone, percussion, sometimes tuba, piano, harp, contra bassoon, various sizes of flute, various sizes of clarinets, cornets