How do auroras appear ?

Question

auroras are the Northen & southern lights that shine in the winter at antarctica and the Artic

Answer 1

The aurora are the result of charged particles that fly out of the Sun at high velocity. This stream of particles is known as the "solar wind".

When a charged particle encounters a magnetic field, its path is curved. And whenever a charged particle moves in a curved path (or is otherwise accelerated), it tends to emit photons (particles of light) in a process known as Brehmsstrahlung ("braking radiation").

When the solar wind encounters Earth's magnetic field, which is strongest near the poles, the charged particles spiral around, emitting many photons. Some of the photons are in the visible part of the light spectrum, and these photons are what you see in the sky.

Answer 2

lithiumdeuferide did a good job of explaining the cause. I won't repeat that portion.

The appearance of auroras are never the same. Just like no two tornadoes are the same. (I have chased storms for over 40 years as a hobby.)

The colors vary. I have seen them appear from a light blue to a bright green. A couple of times they were red.

The aurora may appear as just an area of brightness in the sky or as a shimmering curtain or columns of light.

And I have seen them change from one thing to another as well as the color changing from a whitish non-color through blue then green and later red.

It is a rather spectacular show in some cases and I always have been fascinated with watching them when they are visible.