how do you make minerals?

Answer 1

Well, the basic forces are melting and compression. Unless you are going so far back as to talk about novas and black holes making heavy elements.
The heat of the earth (magma) melts everything it comes in contact with and chemical changes occur. The results are minerals that are further changed by being dissolved so animal and plants use them in water and produce new combinations and by being laid down for later compression by other stuff laid on top.