I would like to share to you my report about "Time". This article is taken from Rollo Mays' book entitled" Mans' search for Himself".
I hope you can get something from it in helping you answer your question.
MAN, THE TRANSCENDER OF TIME
Man does not Live by the Clock Alone
The Pregnant Moment
“In the Light of Eternity”
No Matter What the Age
Some readers, however, may be raising another question. “It is all very well to discuss the goals of maturity,” they may be saying, “but the clock is running out. With the world in a semi-psychotic state, and the Third World War and catastrophe hovering around the corner, how can one talk about the long and steady development necessary for self realization?”
Here is a young husband, for example, decorated as a lieutenant in the last war, and is now the editor of a newspaper. Thus he presumably has no less courage and energy than the next man. Just before going overseas he had married an attractive and talented woman. But he now painfully discovers that he and his wife have serious problems in their relationship - problems that will take months, perhaps a couple of years, of emotional growth with the aid of psychotherapy to overcome. “Is it worth the effort and struggle,” he asks himself and the therapist, “since I probably will be drafted again before long anyway, and after that who knows? Maybe I should let the marriage crack up, and make out with whatever temporary relationships I happen upon for these next uncertain years.
Or here, for another example, is a brilliant young professor in a university. He has his heart set on plans to write a book, which will take perhaps five years and promises to be considerable scientific contribution to his field. He began therapy to get help in overcoming some blockages, which kept him from producing his best book. “But how can one write a book with any integrity,” he wonders, ”if there is no assurance of the few years time any good book takes? Possibly an atom bomb will fall on New York in the mean time – so is it worth while starting at all?” The question of time – just how late is it? – is thus the focus for most pressing anxiety of any modern persons.
To be sure, every individual’s private problems and anxiety play into this concern about the clock running out in our world. As everyone knows it is easy enough to use the insecurity of the age as an excuse for one’s own neurosis.
The following is the resulting reaction of persons troubled with time. “We are born in the wrong age.” In the course of such discussions, sooner or later, someone avers that it would be better to have lived in the Renaissance or in classical Athens or in some period. It does no good to avoid such by some stoical answer like, “We were born in this age and we’d better make the most out of it.” Let us rather, inquire into man’s relation to time – actually a very curious relation – to see whether we may gain insights, which help us to make time our ally rather than an enemy.
Man does not Live by the Clock Alone
We have seen that one of the unique characteristics of man is that he can stand outside his present time and imagine himself ahead in the future or back in the past. A general, in planning a battle next week or next month, anticipates in fantasy how an enemy will react if attacked here or what happen when the artillery opens up there; and thus he can prepare his army as nearly as possible for every danger by going though the battle in imagination days or weeks before it occurs.
Or a speaker in preparing an important address can – and if he is sensible he does – call to mind other times when he has given a similar speech. He reviews how the audience reacted, what part of the address was successful and which was not, what attitude on his part is most effective and so on. By re-enacting the event in imagination, he learns from the past how better to meet the present. The power “to look before and after” is part of man’s ability to be conscious of himself unlike other kinds of living things. Man has this characteristic, which we call “time-binding capacity.”
Psychologically and spiritually, man does not live by the clock alone. His time, rather, depends on the significance of the event. Psychological time is not the sheer passage of time, but the meaning of the experience, that is, what is significant for the person’s hopes, anxiety, growth.
An example: Take a thirty-year-old adult’s memories of his childhood, during the year when he was five, thousands of events happened to him. But now at thirty he can recall only three or four – the day when he went to play with his friend and the friend ran off with an older child, or the instant that morning etc. This is all he can recall but interestingly enough, he remembers this handful of events, which occurred twenty-five years ago more vividly than ninety nine percent of the events that occurred just yesterday.
Memory is not just the imprint of the past time upon us; it is the keeper of what is meaningful for our deepest hopes and fears. As such, memory is another evidence that we have a flexible and creative relation to time, the guiding principle being not the clock but the qualitative significance of our experiences. Qualitative time cannot be ignored. By being aware of time, one can control and use it in certain ways.
The more a person is able to direct his life consciously, the more he can use time for constructive benefits. However, the more he is conformist, unfree, undifferentiated, the more that is, he works not by choice but by compulsion, the more he is then the object of quantitative time. He is the servant of time clock or whistle; he serves time like being in jail, he is less alive as a person.
“Quantitative time vs. Qualitative time” Page 259. You can read detective stories to kill time. If time were any good why kill it?
People are afraid of time because, like being alone, raises the specter of emptiness, of the frightening void. Boredom is the occupational disease of being human. If a man’s awareness of the passage of time tells him only that each day comes and goes and nothing is happening in his life, he must desensitize himself or else suffer painful boredom and emptiness. Sometimes we tend to go to sleep to blot out consciousness in escaping boredom.
One of the neurotic, unconstructive ways of using one’s capacity to be aware of time is to postpone living. Man unlike other animals and trees, is blessed with being able to stand outside the present and use the past or future for escapes. Thinking of the past can have the same escape function as thinking the future.
The Pregnant Moment
The first thing necessary for a constructive dealing with time is to learn to live in the reality of the present moment. The past and present time has meaning to the person because it is part of the present, in a way they are thought of by the person in the present.
It is by no means as easy as it may look to live in the immediate present. For it requires a high degree of awareness of one’s self as an experiencing “I.” The less one is conscious of himself as the one who acts, that is, the more unfree and automatic he is, the less he will be aware of the immediate present.
But the more awareness one has, that is, the more he experiences himself as the acting, directing agent in what he is doing, the more alive he will be and the more responsive to the present moment.
To confront the present moment often produces anxiety, that it raises question of decisions and responsibility one can’t do much about the past and do very little about the distant future.
The most effective way to ensure the value of the future is to confront the present courageously and constructively. The future is born out of and made by the present.
The present moment is thus not limited from one point of the clock to another. It is always pregnant, always ready to open (or give birth) at any time.
The moment has its finite side which the mature person never forgets while it also has an infinite side that always beacons with new possibilities.
Time for the human being is not a corridor; it is a continual opening out.
“In the Light of Eternity”
There are many experiences, which jar us out of the quantitative, routine treadmill of time, but chief among them is the thought of dying.
The possibility of death jars us loose from the treadmill of time because it so vividly reminds us that we do not go on endlessly. While we are not dead at the moment, we sometime will be: so why not choose something at least interesting in the mean time?
All is vanity. “Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor substance, nor knowledge, nor wisdom in the grave whither thou goest.”
No Matter What the Age
On the deepest level, the question of which age we live in is irrelevant. The basic question is how the individual, in his own awareness of himself and the period he lives in, is able through his decisions to attain inner freedom and to live according to his own inner integrity.
On the more profound level, each individual must come to his own consciousness of himself, and he does this on a level, which transcends the particular age he live in.
Transcend (Meaning)
1) go beyond limit: to go beyond a limit or range, for example, of thought or belief
2) surpass something: to go beyond something in quality or achievement
3) be independent of world: to exist above and apart from the material world
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Final word:
It is good for one to learn from the past, to use his time wisely that is to courageously, responsibly and creatively deal with it in living in the reality of the present with awareness of one’s self, and to hope for the better self in the near or distant future. This aspect makes man the transcender of time and not a slave of it.
I am very thankful that I was given the task to work out this particular topic for report, which involves the ideas pertaining to ” man’ s search of himself,” for it makes my understanding of myself better in dealing with my family members and other people in the society where we live.
____________
The salient insights in Rollo May’s “Man’s Search for Himself”
In an age of anxiety, one of the good things that happened, in a positive view, is that we are forced to become aware of ourselves. When our society, in the time of upheaval in standards and values, can give us no clear picture of what we are and what we ought to be, we are thrown back on the search for ourselves. The painful insecurity on all sides gives us new incentive to ask, is there important source of guidance and strength we overlooked? How can anyone attain inner integration in such a disintegrated world? Or how can anyone undertake the long development toward self-realization in a time when practically nothing is certain, either in the present or in the future?
The thoughtful people have pondered these questions. The psychotherapists have no magic answers. To be sure, the new light which depth-psychology throws on the buried motives, which make us think and feel and act the way we do should be of crucial help in one’s search for one’s self.
Rollo May exposes his ideas and experiences through this book in helping people who are striving to overcome their problems. He exposes ideas like a therapist who opens what blinds people in our day from themselves, and pave ways to answer what blocks people in finding values and goals they can affirm. According to the author, this book is not a substitute for psychotherapy. It is neither a self-help book that promises easy cures overnight. But in a worthy and profound sense, this self-help book helps the reader, through seeing himself and his own experiences reflected in the book, to gain new light on his own problems of personal integration. In the following chapters, new psychological insights on the hidden levels of the self are presented. It also includes the wisdom of those in the fields of literature, philosophy, and ethics have sought to understand how man can best meet his insecurity and personal crises, and turn them to constructive uses. He presented a chapter where it aims to discover ways in which we can stand against the insecurity of our time, to find a center of strength within ourselves, and as far as we can to point the way toward achieving values and goals which can be depended upon in a day when very little is secure.
The first two chapters of Rollo May’s “Man’s Search for Himself” exposes our predicament. He portrays the situation as a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation from which there is no clear or easy way out.
I agree with the author that this book is a self-help book, which has no intention and does not promise overnight cures. The book’s content is not intended for an instant leap or instant solution to a problem. In my understanding, the content of the book needs to be internalized by the reader if he finds it useful to solve his problems or other’s problems.
The salient features of this book can’t just ordinarily be enumerated like presenting its outline or table of contents “for it is in the content discussion where it is noteworthy.” It is just like appreciating a whole painting in one view where each of the observers is uniquely struck. This kind of appreciation is done in one general view containing all of its detailed aspects that is, if it is categorized or analyzed then its beauty are not equally perceived unlike when it is taken as a whole.
For me who is a non-philosophy major student who only for the first time had an efferent reading experience (reading and learning by heart), to really read entirely an expositional philosophy book, exaggeratedly finds it very useful to my existence, even if I did not totally understand some minute detail. This book is so instrumental that it had made a permanent mark in my heart.
The primary reason why I had a hard time in condensing the whole book is that, I find every paragraph in each chapter to have significant value to the whole. Thus instead of simply describing briefly each topic (salient insights), I would rather, tie the whole book with an expensive ribbon and recommend it for reading to my friends or any loved ones close to me who has not read it.
Man’s Search for Himself
By Rollo May
Chapter 1 The Loneliness and Anxiety of Man
A. The Hollow People
B. Loneliness
C. Anxiety and the Threat to the Self
D. What is Anxiety?
Chapter 2 The Roots of our Malady
A. The loss of the Center of Values in our Society
B. The Loss of the Sense of Self.
C. The Loss of our Language for Personal Communication.
D. “Little We See in Nature that is Ours”
E. The Loss of the Sense of Tragedy
Chapter 3 The Experience of Becoming a Person
A. Consciousness of Self - the Unique Mark of Man
B. Self-Contempt, A Substitute for Self-Worth
C. Consciousness of Self Is Not Introversion
D. The Experiencing of One’s Body and Feelings
Chapter 4 The Struggle to Be
A. Cutting the Psychological Umbilical Cord
B. The Struggle Against Mother
C. The Struggle Against One’s Own Dependency
D. Stages in Consciousness of Self
Chapter 5 Freedom and Inner Strength
A. The Man Who Was Put in a Cage
B. Hatred and Resentment as the Price of Denied Freedom
C. What Freedom Is Not
D. What Freedom Is
E. Choosing One’s Self
Chapter 6 The Creative Conscience
A. Adam and Prometheus
B. Religion – Source of Strength or Weaknesses?
C. The Creative Use of the Past
D. The Person’s Power to Do the Valuing
Chapter 7 Courage, The Virtue of Maturity
A. Courage to be One’s Self
B. A Preface to Love
C. Courage to See the Truth
Chapter 8 Man, THE Transcender of Time
A. Man does not Live by the Clock Alone
B. The Pregnant Moment
C. “In the Light of Eternity”
D. No Matter What the Age
E. Freedom and Structure
2007-10-31 01:58:01
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answer #1
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answered by rene c 4
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