what did julius ceaser have to the fall of the roman republic?

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Gaius Julius Caesar was the final nail in the coffin of the Roman Republic but not the only cause. During the Punic Wars, the plebeian small-holders who had to serve in the roman legions found themselves unable to farm their lands, unable to pay their taxes. Ultimately they lost their lands and ended up as the Mob, an impoverished group in Rome, reliant upon handouts. Meanwhile, the rich consolidated their lands into huge, slave-worked estates that made them even richer. This caused profound social, economic and political problems for the Roman state. The upper, political class divided between the Optimates - rich, conservative landowners who wanted nothing to change - and the Populares - senators who saw a need for land reform to ease the troubles of the poor.

The struggles of the Optimates and the Populares defined the last century of the Republic. Assassinations, the civil wars between Sulla and Marius and finally, the rise of the First Triumvirate of Caesar, Crassus and Pompey the Great all came from this struggle.

Caesar, despite coming from a prominent patrician family, was a Populare. Initially, so was Pompey, but while Caesar did not change his political leanings, Pompey grew more and more conservative. Finally, after spending years in Gaul, fighting for Rome, Caesar was summoned back to Rome. Pompey had become an Optimate and led a group that wanted to indict Caesar for treasonous use of the legions. It would have effectively ended Caesar's political career and could have ended in his exile or death. Caesar had a choice. Give in or go on the offensive. He chose the latter, crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC.

This action caused another civil war between Pompey and other Optimates and Caesar and his supporters. Caesar won (and Pompey was murdered by the Egyptian pharaoh) but he pardoned the Optimates, hoping for peace.

Returning to Rome, Caesar began a program of reform, including the land reform he had promised. He acted as a dictator, attempting to force his reforms through the Senate. He was not, however, the first dictator that had ruled Rome. Sulla, for example, had ruled mercilessly, massacring thousands of his Populare enemies. Caesar, however, still had his enemies free in Rome. Furious at his reforms and concerned that he would declare himself king (and destroy the Republic), leading Optimates (including Brutus and Cassius) assassinated Caesar.

Ironically, it was an action that they thought would save the Republic that doomed it. Mark Anthony and Caesar's adopted son Octavian chased down Caesar's assassins in another civil war. They however, did not show Caesar's mercy. Brutus and Cassius committed suicide after losing the Battle of Philippi, knowing that the alternative was worse; Cicero was murdered; other Optimates were hunted down. With no serious opposition, with the support of the Mob and with a Senate and a Republic that was exhausted from fighting, the 2nd Triumvirate of Octavian, Anthony and Lepidus took complete control of Rome, effectively ending the Republic. This collapse was made irreversible some years later when Octavian beat Anthony at the Battle of Actium and took sole control of Rome.

Answer 3

I think I know what you mean.

He caused it. After his campaign in Gaul, before returning to Rome, he should have disbanded his army. He didn't. Instead he marched on Rome with the intention of reforming the old order. They also asked that Pompei raise an army to defend the Republic. Upon Ceasars refusal to dispand, Pompei ordered Rome evacuated and fled to build and train the troops that he would need to defeat Ceasar.

Ceasar used Romes emergency funds to fund his campaign against Pompei. Eventually he defeated the general. Although Rome retained a senate, ultimate power now lived with Ceasar. Rome was no longer a Republic.

Luck

Answer 4

Initially, he was part of the three person ruling committe of Rome, with Cassius and Pompeii. After this dissolved, he brought his army of conquest from Gaul into Rome, and declared himself emperor sometime around 46BC. He subsequently established an heir to the empire in Octavius. This ended the republic of Rome and began the empire of Rome