What are the various methods of determining distances to galaxies and how do they work?

Answer 1

Hi. The brightness of Cepheid variable stars. The brightness of globular clusters. The brightness of supernova explosions of a certain type. The fact that, on average, similar galaxies tend to have similar brightness. These are all based on the notion that objects of the same (or close to the same) brightness, called intrinsic brightness, can be compared to the measured brightness.