I believe the Spanish on more than one occasion amassed a huge fleet of ships to go attack some place, with each scheme being foiled by their enemies, such as someone sending fire ships into a harbor filled with ships not yet set sail.
However, the one that seems to get all the attention, perhaps thanks to Hollywood, is the fleet defeated by Britain's Sir Francis Drake, with the help of
* Dutch allies,
* superior military intelligence by the English,
* laughingly inadequate training of Spain for the mission,
* Spanish command structure had personality clashes that mutually sabotaged their effort,
* Spanish uncertainty about locations of sand banks,
* Spain using a lot of merchant ships unsuited to military conflicts ... they were there for the exclusive purpose of troop transports,
* Military tactics were evolving ... Spain had the best soldiers, but Britain had the best naval tactics,
* dismally poor military communications compared to present day, and
* a bad storm, thanks to those days before we had weather satelites to let us know when bad weather to avoid
Sir Francis Drake was NOT in command of the English fleet, but the guy, who was in charge, transferred command to the guy who was best qualified to lead them to victory. That's a level of patriotism that goes far beyond anything their enemy comprehended.
One of the reasons the USA lost in Vietnam was that politicians in Washington DC, who were not competent to do so, were micromanaging the military actions. King Philip of Spain made the same mistakes, over communication links that were extremely slow by comparison.
After the battle, the British had excellent PR. They claimed God was responsible for the storm that finished off the Armada, and this in turn led to religious propaganda all over Europe claiming God on the side of the Protestants.
http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/uk/armada/intro.html
http://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/armada.htm
http://www.historybuff.com/library/refspain.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armada
2007-10-17 19:03:43
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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The Spanish Armada or Great Armada (Old Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, meaning "Great and Most Fortunate Navy", also known as the Armada Invencible, "Invincible Navy") was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588.
The Armada was sent by King Philip II of Spain, who had been king consort of England until the death of his wife Mary I of England in 1558. The aim was to suppress English support for the United Provinces — part of the Spanish Netherlands — and to cut off attacks against Spanish possessions in the New World and the Atlantic treasure fleets. It was also intended to reverse the Protestant Reformation in England, and to this end the expedition was supported by Pope Sixtus V, with the promise of a subsidy should it make land.[3]
The fleet was to be commanded by the highly experienced Álvaro de Bazán, but he died in May 1588, a few months before the sailing date, and Medina Sidonia was appointed in his place. At the outset, he had about 130 warships and converted merchant ships under his command. The plan was to sail through the English Channel and anchor off the coast of Flanders, where the Duke of Parma's army of tercios was waiting to be escorted from the Spanish Netherlands across the North Sea for a landing in south-east England.
The Armada was blown north up the east coast of England and attempted a return to Spain by sailing around Scotland and out into the Atlantic, past Ireland. But very severe weather destroyed a portion of the fleet, and more than 24 vessels were wrecked on the north and western coasts of Ireland, with the survivors having to seek refuge in Scotland. Of the Armada's initial complement of vessels, about 50 did not return to Spain. However, the core of Philip's fleet suffered few losses: only seven ships of the royal navy failed to make it home, and of these just three were lost to enemy action.
The expedition was the most significant engagement of the undeclared Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604). But that significance has been exaggerated in English political writing, which still tends to treat the battle as a turning point in naval dominance in favour of the English.[4] In fact, modern scholarship presents the battle as the starting point of an increase in Spanish naval supremacy, which only suffered a decline fifty years later, during the Thirty Years War.[5]
2007-10-17 19:36:53
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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The Armada was sent by King Philip II of Spain, who had been king consort of England until the death of his wife Mary I of England in 1558. The aim was to suppress English support for the United Provinces — part of the Spanish Netherlands — and to cut off attacks against Spanish possessions in the New World and the Atlantic treasure fleets. It was also intended to reverse the Protestant Reformation in England, and to this end the expedition was supported by Pope Sixtus V, with the promise of a subsidy should it make land.[3]
The fleet was to be commanded by the highly experienced Álvaro de Bazán, but he died in May 1588, a few months before the sailing date, and Medina Sidonia was appointed in his place. At the outset, he had about 130 warships and converted merchant ships under his command. The plan was to sail through the English Channel and anchor off the coast of Flanders, where the Duke of Parma's army of tercios was waiting to be escorted from the Spanish Netherlands across the North Sea for a landing in south-east England.
Everything went to plan, but after forcing its way up the English Channel, the Armada was attacked by a fleet of 200 English ships, assisted by the Dutch navy, in the North Sea at Gravelines off the coastal border between France and the Spanish Netherlands. A fire-ship attack drove the Armada ships from their anchorage, and in the ensuing battle the Spanish abandoned their rendezvous with Parma's army.
The Armada was blown north up the east coast of England and attempted a return to Spain by sailing around Scotland and out into the Atlantic, past Ireland. But very severe weather destroyed a portion of the fleet, and more than 24 vessels were wrecked on the north and western coasts of Ireland, with the survivors having to seek refuge in Scotland. Of the Armada's initial complement of vessels, about 50 did not return to Spain. However, the core of Philip's fleet suffered few losses: only seven ships of the royal navy failed to make it home, and of these just three were lost to enemy action.
The expedition was the most significant engagement of the undeclared Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604). But that significance has been exaggerated in English political writing, which still tends to treat the battle as a turning point in naval dominance in favour of the English.[4] In fact, modern scholarship presents the battle as the starting point of an increase in Spanish naval supremacy, which only suffered a decline fifty years later, during the Thirty Years War.[
2007-10-17 18:37:47
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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Which battle? The Spanish Armada is Spain's Navy. They fought several battles against other countries.
2007-10-17 18:38:36
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answer #4
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answered by Frosty 7
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i dont have half a page. i know the spanish armada was a group of ships stationed over by england and britin and stuff and they used them to block off a passage for the enemys to get to their home land so they had to go all the way around Great Britin and lost many people in storms and food loss. i learned about it last year in history, just dont remember everything
2007-10-17 18:37:25
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answer #5
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answered by bulldogs75_2010 1
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Over confidence, poor planning, delayed execution, a brilliant English navy, followed by bad weather. Fill in the clauses to make a half-page.
2007-10-17 18:37:29
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answer #6
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answered by Boomer Wisdom 7
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So this is how all the school kids are passing assignments these days. Wish we could have cheated with the internet. Hope you check it before you hand it in just incase some one is trying to lead you up the garden path.
2007-10-17 18:36:05
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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Go see Elizabeth:The Golden Age
2007-10-17 18:35:41
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answer #8
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answered by migueldelasalle 5
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1 A - The pilgrims moved to the Netherlands . The pilgrims moved to America. 2 D - generally sent raw American products to other parts of the world and brought manufactured goods and labor to the American colonies.
2016-05-23 07:16:10
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answer #9
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answered by helga 3
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Grow up, take responsibility, and write the damned paper yourself.
2007-10-17 18:50:08
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answer #10
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answered by Ska.Ska.Ska 4
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