what are all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism?

Answer 1

That's the definition of metabolism.

Answer 2

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what are all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism?

Answer 3

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numbnuts222 writes: “There's a precursor to DNA, and that's RNA John Sutherland of the University of Manchester managed to show that RNA can spontaneously occur from amino acids and gain complexity under the right circumstances.” Wrong. RNA does not arise out of amino acids. Nucleotides consist of phosphates, ribose sugars and the nitrogenous components of nucleobases. Further, the various components that are used in these so-called “spontaneous” formations of nucleotides under laboratory conditions are derived from extant materials and polymerized within non-racemic, non-calcified mixtures, which do not occur in nature, whether they be synthesized on Earth or inside space debris. Further, the only nucleobases that were conceivably available to the primordial soup were guanine, uracil and thymine, and there is no conceivable means by which they could have aggregated. Neither ribose nor its precursors could have been available to the primordial soup either, except in paltry concentrations of racemic mixtures surrounded by racemic mixtures of abiotic sugars. The latter invariably form compounds that prohibit nucleic acid polymerization. And that’s just the beginning of the problems. For example, the pyrimidine bases won’t polymerize without a template, let alone evolve from nucleobases without the simultaneous presence of both ribose and phosphate. You have shared nothing new. The problem is not what we can do in the lab, but what nature can do without help and guidance. These are front-loaded processes; the solutions, the mixtures and the energy are all controlled and directed. It just sounds like something more due to the research-grant speak of abiogenists who know that they cannot explain the origins of the vast majority of the pertinent precursors or how they could have aggregated and polymerized under natural conditions. charcinders writes: “Michael Yarus and his group have already discovered that part of the genetic code spontaneously appears in vitro as a result of "mindless chemical reactions", which pretty much destroys the idea that the genetic code requires a programmer.” Nonsense. The nucleic and amino acids used are harvested from extant organisms. They did not co-exist in any functional capacity in the primeval world, regardless the source of their precursors! There is no coherent explanation for how any abiogenic process jumped from 0 to the integrated phase of development, bypassing the origination of the pertinent precursors, the aggregation phase, the polymerization phase, the replication phase, the transmutation phase and finally the informational phase of meaningful peptidyl synthesis: all of which had to have occurred before the stage of development these scientists are dealing with. There is no intrinsically preordained bonding affinity for nitrogenous bases. The meaningful polymerization of these had to occur first. These scientists are talking about protein synthesis and assisted nucleic compound orientations, premised on extant biochemistry. None of you guys going on about how easy all of this is know what you're talking about. They’re using preexistent RNA subunits, informationally and structurally front-loaded relative to known biochemical formulations. What do you mean, no programmer required? Where do these biochemists claim any such thing? You just made that up due to a lack of understanding about the prerequisite phases of development. These biochemists did not build these subunits, extant organisms did, and the processes they're describing are necessarily based on a chemical interdependancy. They’re merely assuming that the other, staggeringly complex phases of development naturally occurred somehow before the stage they’re monkeying with now. Finally, the mindless “self-ordering” properties of complex, integrated compounds at a level that is nothing more than a foundational universal is light years from life. News flash for you: with respect to the origin of the prebiotic molecules, compounds and primitive transmutation-replicating systems, as well as the origin of extant biochemistry: current abiogenics has necessarily moved away from a strictly RNA-world hypothesis toward a synthesis of it with the metabolism-first hypothesis.

Answer 4

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Answer 5

WOW! It would take an encyclopedic volume to answer this question. If you could be more specific, it would help. Otherwise, there is NO WAY anyone can answer this question.

Answer 6

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Answer 7

makes you come!!!

Answer 8

u get killed