How the soil temperature affect the nutrient uptake of the roses?

Answer 1

The vital feeder roots that the rose plant needs to get nutrients and moisture from the soil...cannot survive winter in cold climates, so rose plants have to produce new feeder roots early each season. The plant will use the energy stored in its canes to help develop the new feeder roots.
This happens when the soil warms up.
http://www.primaryproducts.com/files/roses.htm

In regards to fertilization, woody plants ... can absorb nitrogen any time that soil temperatures are above 32°F.
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id72/id72.htm

Nutrients must first be in solution before plants can absorb them. When the soil has warmed sufficiently to stimulate new growth, usually .....by late April, commence feeding by using water-soluble fertilizers exclusively.
http://www.arsyankee.org/super%20roses.htm

Water provides the pressure to move a root through the soil. Among water's most
critical roles is that of the solvent for minerals moving into the plant
and for carbohydrates moving to their site of use or storage.When the soil is frozen, the movement of water into the plant is severely restricted.
http://www.ibiblio.org/london/orgfarm/botany/botany-tutorial

Also, low soil temperatures & low oxygen levels from flooding have been shown to retard root development (Sojka, 1975).
http://montana.edu/wwwpb/pubs/44815.pdf

Good Luck! Hope this is helpful.