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Question

What is a vertical/horzontial stretch or shrink?
What is the reflections across the x/y-axis

if the problem is |7x|, is it vertical or a horzontial stretch or shrink

Answer 1

You reflect across the y-axis by setting each point (x,y) to
(-x,y)
You reflect across the x-axis by setting each point (x,y) to
(x,-y)
You stretch or shrink by changing coefficient of variable.

You move function up or down by adding a constant

Answer 2

horizontal stretch is when the image is 'stretched' along the x axis (to the left and to the right) and its height does not change

horizontal shrink is when the image is... 'slimmed' and its height does not change

vertical stretch is when the image is 'stretched' along the y axis (up and down) and its width does not change

vertical shrink is when the image is ... 'shortened' without changing its width

reflection across the x axis, just imagine that the image is a piece of paper attached with an invisible rod to the x axis and you turn the x axis around until the image is exactly on the other side and upside down.

reflection across the y-axis is the same but the invisible rod is atached to the y-axis and you flip the yaxis till the image is on the other side (a bit like having a mirror in the axis and looking at the reflected image)

Answer 3

Here are some examples. Reflexions are just mirror images.