How do Scientist learn how ancient people viewed themselves?

Question

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Answer 1

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Answer 2

The science you are referring to is Cultural Anthropology. Anthropologists use ancient writings as well as other artifacts to discern how ancient people viewed themselves. For example, a list of property owned by a woman on an ancient tax document indicates that a woman in that society had the right to own property in her own name. This implies that she would be considered an equal in the society or at least she was not considered property herself. Anthropologists look at art and artifacts - baskets, tools, buildings, statues, paintings, urns, children's toys, weapons, etc. All of these things tell us how the users lived and occupied thier time. Burial sites also indicate how the culture viewed death and indicate religious beliefs as well. Of course, there is always some conjecture on the part of the Anthropologist, but this is also based on how known societies interact.