Cytotec or Misoprostol stimulates increased secretion of the protective mucus that lines the gastrointestinal tract and increases mucosal blood flow, thereby increasing mucosal integrity. It is sometimes co-prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent their common adverse effect of gastric ulceration (e.g. with Diclofenac in Arthrotec).
Misoprostol is commonly prescribed off-label to cause birth induction by uterine contractions and the ripening (effacement or thinning) of the cervix. Misoprostol is highly effective and much less expensive than pitocin and dinoprostone, the FDA-approved drugs for medically necessary labor induction. Trial meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration demonstrates no difference in efficacy or side effects between inductions undertaken with dinoprostone or misoprostol (when used at the correct dosage).
Concern has been expressed about the overuse or misuse of misoprostol for labor induction. High doses can cause uterine rupture (especially in women who have previously had a caesarean section), fetal death and severe fetal brain damage, according to a CBS Evening News story by correspondent Sharyn Alfonsi.[1] All induction agents cause uterine contractions – this can affect the blood supply to the fetus, especially if contractions become very frequent. Induction agents therefore need to be used with great care and with close fetal monitoring. One of the problems with induction using prostaglandins (either cervidil or misoprostol) is that once given, the process is difficult to reverse. In contrast, Pitocin (oxytocin, a hormone that also causes contractions) has a half-life of about 10 minutes and is administered via intravenous drip, which can be stopped immediately in the event of adverse reaction, according to a Salon.com webzine article by midwife Ina May Gaskin. A clinical trial is currently underway to establish a controlled delivery method for misoprostol.[3]
The manufacturers of misoprostol have never sought to license misoprostol for labor induction. Recently, however, generic forms of misoprostol have become available, and it is now licensed for labor induction in Egypt and Brazil, and a licensed induction product is expected in the UK in 2008.[
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advocates misoprostol for labor inductions, and it is on the WHO essential drug list for labour induction.[6] Other agencies await more evidence as to its safety, including obstetric organizations in Britain, Canada and Scandinavia, according to a Midwifery Today magazine article by neonatologist Marsden Wagner.
Abortion
Misoprostol is one of the drugs used for medical abortions. In many countries it is used in conjunction with mifepristone (RU-486). After mifepristone is taken orally, misoprostol is taken 24–72 hours later causing the expulsion of the fetus and associated matter in approximately 92% of the cases. No large studies have established a protocol for the use of misoprostol alone, and the range of efficacy is 65%–93% depending on sample size, gestational age, and other test variables;Misoprostol alone may be more effective in earlier gestation.The side effects associated with the misoprostol-only regimen are generally much more severe than those associated with the combined regimens. Misoprostol is used for self-induced abortions in Brazil, where black market prices exceed US $100 per dose. Illegal medically-unsupervised misoprostol abortions in Brazil are associated with a lower complication rate than other forms of illegal self-induced abortion, but are still associated with a higher complication rate than legal, medically supervised surgical and chemical abortions. Failed misoprostol abortions are associated with birth defects in some cases. Poor immigrant populations in New York have also been observed to use self-administered misoprostol to induce abortions, as this method is much cheaper than a surgical abortion (about $2 per dose).
It is also sometimes used to treat early fetal death in the absence of spontaneous miscarriage, but further research is needed to establish a a safe, effective protocol. It can also be used to dilate the cervix in preparation for a surgical abortion. Misoprostol is also used to prevent and treat post-partum hemorrhage, but it has more side effects and is less effective than oxytocin for this purpose.
2007-10-08 18:40:14
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answer #1
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answered by sHeiLaH 2
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Do you mean 'psychotic'? This word means a person affected by psychosis which is a mental condition signifying that his contact with reality is distorted or even lost.
If it is the name of a drug which other people have referred to, then you can please ignore my answer.
2007-10-09 09:33:49
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answer #2
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answered by greenhorn 7
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it appears to be a drug, that offers stomach protection, but i can't tell what its primary function is.
2007-10-09 01:06:50
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answer #3
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answered by nickipettis 7
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