Chemistry question?

Question

Which of the following is true of he ionization energy of the elements?




a. ionization energy generally decreases as we move left to right and decreases as we move top to bottom in the periodic table

b. ionization energy generally decreases as we move left to right and increases as we move top to bottom in the periodic table

c. ionization energy generally increases as we move left to right and decreases as we move top to bottom in the periodic table

d. ionization energy generally increases as we move left to right and increases as we move top to bottom in the periodic table

Answer 1

a. ionization energy generally decreases as we move left to right and decreases as we move top to bottom in the periodic table


i just learnt this in chemistry. the zeff (effective nuclear charge) increases as an atom gets smaller. the smaller the atom, the stronger the attraction between an electron and its nucleus. this makes it difficult to remove an election.

so when the atom is smaller, it takes more energy to remove the atom. therefore the ionization energy increases. when the atom gets bigger, it takes less, so the ionization energy is decreases.

Answer 2

the answer a is correct .

Elements which are in the left have tendencies to give their electrons so Na has lower ionization energy than other elements in same period
As elements become bigger ,the electrons are further from nucleus and have less electrostatic forces than smaller one