English Deutsch Français Italiano Español Português 繁體中文 Bahasa Indonesia Tiếng Việt ภาษาไทย
All categories

2007-10-06 06:25:29 · 3 answers · asked by Baller T 1 in Science & Mathematics Physics

3 answers

Well, I know three... Kind of four... It could be seven if you wanted it to be seven.
Identity, non-contradiction, and the excluded middle.
I found a site defining them.
1. The law of identity: p is p at the same time and in the same respect. Thus: George W. Bush is George W. Bush, and George W. Bush is the son of George Bush.

2. The law of non-contradiction: a conjunctive proposition (one that uses "and", as in "p and q") cannot be both true and false at the same time and in the same respect. Thus the proposition "p and not-p" cannot be true. For example, the proposition "It is raining and it is not raining" is a contradiction, and must be false.

Note: technically, the above example stated fully should read "It is raining and it is not raining at this location and at this time." This additional phrase encompasses the crucial factors of "at the same time" and "in the same respect," but in natural language it isn't common to state them explicitly. When evaluating a person's statements, it is sometimes helpful to consider whether or not they are indeed assuming the truth of such factors.

3. The law of the excluded middle: in any proposition "p," the related disjunctive claim (one that uses "or", as in "p or not-p") must be true. A more informal and common way of stating this is to simply say that either a proposition is true or its negation must be true - thus, either p is true or not-p must be true.

For example, the disjunctive proposition "Either it is raining or it is not raining" must be true. Also, if it is true that it is raining, then the proposition "Either it is raining, or I own a car" must also be true. It really doesn't matter what the second phrase is.

Here's another good page:
http://www.galilean-library.org/int4.html

2007-10-06 06:32:49 · answer #1 · answered by Topher 3 · 0 1

The Axioms of Classical Logic [See source.]

The Law of Identity: Metaphysically, this law asserts that "A is A" or "anything is itself." For propositions: "If a proposition is true, then it is true." In Boolean Logic, this is simply A = A.

The Law of the Excluded Middle: Metaphysically, this law asserts "anything is either A or not A." For propositions: "A proposition, such as P, is either true or false." We also refer to such statements as "tautologies" In Boolean Logic, this is P = A or not A.

The Law of Noncontradiction: Metaphysically, this law asserts:: "Nothing can be both A and not-A." For propositions: "A proposition, P, can not be both true and false." In Boolean Logic, this is P = not (A and not A) = not A or A. So this is really just the second axiom restated.

Whether there are three, four, seven, or whatever laws of logic is a matter of interpretation. If you are interested in logic, look up Boolean Algebra, it is an excellent way to formulate logic and is useful in logical pursuits like computer programs. [See source.]

2007-10-06 07:11:59 · answer #2 · answered by oldprof 7 · 0 0

I think you answers are bulshit

2015-07-22 08:50:51 · answer #3 · answered by Popcicle 1 · 0 0

fedest.com, questions and answers