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Question

4 Write balanced chemical equations or formulas (annotated where appropriate) for each of the following descriptions:

(i) oxygen undergoes photodissociation in the upper atmosphere;

(ii) the nitric oxide molecule undergoes photoionisation in the upper atmosphere;

(iii) ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere;

(iv) ozone is destroyed in the upper atmosphere;

(v) nitric oxide catalyses the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere;

(vi) nitrogen dioxide is an acidic oxide and forms an acid solution in water;

(vii) sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources cause acid rain;

(viii) why rainwater is naturally acidic, even in the absence of any polluting gases

(ix) despite the answer in (viii), why the pH of unpolluted sea water is about 8.2

(x) why nitrogen is not, but carbon dioxide is, a 'greenhouse gas'

Answer 1

i) O2 -> 2 O*

ii) NO -> N* + O*

iii) O2-> O*
3O* -> O3

iv) O3 -> O2 + O*
2 Cl-R + O* -> Cl2O + R*

v) Combine above two eqns.

vi) NO2 + H2O -> HNO3 + H*

vii) SO2+ H2O -> H2SO3

viii) Due to dissolution of CO2 which gives rise to H2CO3

ix) CO3 2- is precipitated as CaCO3

x) The C=O bond absorbs infrared light and then re-emits the energy. N2 does not.