what are the basic fundamentals of human rights?

Answer 1

Here is the International Children's Bill of Rights. I believe that if these rights were protected and respected for all children that humans would grow up to be free and healthy people. Freedom and the good health of individuals and societies are the desired results of fundamental human rights.
http://www.newciv.org/ncn/cbor.html

Answer 2

The right to self determination--the exercise of free will. Bounded of course by the free will and self determination of others.

Meaning my right to walk around nekid is bounded by your right to be able to eat your lunch and not hurl.

This is the most basic human right, and the right upon which all other build, the right to worship and believe (in a religious sense) whatever without coersion. The right to discuss, and advocate political and religious positions--free speech. The right to keep and bear arms is the right to the tools to defend yourself from those who would force you to their ways of thinking etc.

Answer 3

Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness