what is a burgess zone model?

Question

what is the difference between that and a hoyt sector model?
a concentric zone model? the sector model?how could i apply it to my town, St Albans?

http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?near=st+albans&q=multi+map&f=p&rl=1

Answer 1

The burgess model = the bull's eye model = the concentric ring model. The sector model is the superior model and designed to work for more cities than just Chicago.

The idea of the central model is to organize the city in a circular pattern. The city center would be in one circle with lower class housing surrounding it; the inner suburb. Then the middle class housing would surround that followed by the upper class zone out to the limit of the commuting circle.

This model has been called simplistic and it doesn't allow for terrain since most major cities are port or river cites that becomes important.

According to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_zone_model
"failing to accurately describe cities other than Chicago, where Park, Burgess, and McKenzie did their original research. Homer Hoyt modified it in the sector model."

According to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model
"In developing this model Hoyt observed that it was common for low-income households to be near railroad lines, and commercial establishments to be along business thoroughfares. Recognizing that the various transportation routes into an urban area, including railroads, sea ports, and tram lines, represented greater access, Hoyt theorized that cities tended to grow in wedge-shaped patterns -- or sectors -- emanating from the central business district and centered on major transportation routes. Higher levels of access meant higher land values, thus, many commercial functions would remain in the CBD but manufacturing functions would develop in a wedge surrounding transportation routes. Residential functions would grow in wedge-shaped patterns with a sector of low-income housing bordering manufacturing/industrial sectors (traffic, noise, and pollution makes these areas the least desirable) while sectors of middle- and high-income households were located furthest away from these functions. Unlike the Burgess model, which only ever attempted to explain a single city (Chicago), Hoyt's model attempted to more broadly state a principle of urban organization."

For the Concentric Model
In the example of your city, St. Albans Sopwell House is in the outer ring, the high class ring which is confirmed by the golf course, since it costs more to have a house along a golf course. Areas B: Earthworks and area C: Key People Ltd would be in the inner city, the low class suburbs. Area H: HBS Plumbing & Bathrooms Ltd would be at the edge of the inner city and the middle class suburbs, while are D: G D Golding Bespoke Tailors Ltd would be that the border between the middle class and the rich class sectors. Therefore each shop should cater to the group that they are serving. Areas F: McKeowns Solicitors and A: Exchange Communications (UK) Ltd are outside of the commuter zone, but since area A uses Metro Centre as part of its address then it is probably on a major commuter line. The Solicitors office can afford to be in the more affluent section of town and they are probably the clients they cater to. If they handled traffic tickets or were bail bondsman then they should move closer to the city.

For the Sector Model
The location of each business should depend on the transportation routes which would be wedges with the peaks in the city center. That would make Areas B: Earthworks and area C: Key People Ltd in a more affluent section of town due to the proximity of the Batchwood Golf and Tennis Center in a good position along Hatfield road. This means the area between areas A: Exchange Communications (UK) Ltd and D: G D Golding Bespoke Tailors Ltd would be in a poorer section of town because of the poorer transportation routes and the proximity of the railroad. Area E: Sopwell House would still be in a rich part of town, but between two railroads it wouldn’t be that good. Since we are talking England not America though trains, especially commuter trains would be better accepted so I would take the proximity of rail road tracks as an advantage. Area D: G D Golding Bespoke Tailors Ltd would be in a rich area of town.

Personally, I would look at the density of the roads and streets; with smaller blocks that means that part of the city would either be downtown or in the slums or with condos. Area D: G D Golding Bespoke Tailors Ltd would be in rich part of town because the blocks are larger along with areas B: Earthworks and area C: Key People Ltd.

The problem is that both models can apply and my impromptu model shows some validity because it is customized to that city. You need to determine which model is the best from the information about the shops and houses in that region. I would favor the sector model because it has more acceptance, but temper it with the concentrate model; giving that secondary priority.

As for how you should apply the models depends on what you are trying to do. If you are conducting city planning then you could pay an expert and get better advice than me. If you are doing this for a school project then I would make a map, visit the areas in question and take photos of the buildings and the nearby housing, then use the visual proof to make the case for the model you think is more correct or applicable to the situation.

The center of town would be between the business sector and the government center; the courthouse and city hall usually. You have pointed those out on your map so you need to include those in our model to determine the actual city center. However, city centers do die and become abandoned as the buildings get outdated and people move out. So you need to consider that; new construction and renovation is always a sign of improved development and growth. The other thing to take in account is percentage of the building and housing that has been rented and how the rents compare to other areas. A depressed are is going to have a lower rental value and that rental rate is reflected by the square foot. You can call realtors in the area and poll their prices.

Anymore than that will require more information.

Answer 2

Burgess Concentric Ring Model

Answer 3

I would totally go with the answerer above me.