Do we know how the mind works? And how much do we know about artificial intelligence?

Answer 1

We have learned a whole lot about the mind. Just pick a book on the subject and read it. Not surprising, AI never lived up to its hype. Some forms like expert systems are in productive use today. Neural networks were coaxed into some applications, but never attained the hoped-for glory. We still can't talk to the HAL of 2001. Pattern recognition for optical character recognition works quite well. Perhaps the most successful AI-type application is the financial tools designed to spot a bad credit risk or a fraudulent transaction.

For a better feel, go out and survey the literature yourself. Surely dozens with a broader perspective than I have published articles.