what fundamental beliefs about government are reflected in the preamble and the articles of the Constitution?

Answer 1

The greatest belief -- inherent in the structure of the Constitution but never stated -- is that govt will become corrupt if allowed, and thus it is necessary always to limit what govt can do.

This is inherent in the bill of rights -- all of which are phrased as restrictions on govt activity -- and in the checks and balances in the first 3 articles.

The other fundamental belief is that things change -- as reflected in Article 5 and the 9th Amendment -- and that the Constitution as written was never intended to be a final static expression covering everything.

Answer 2

Mainly the belief that "We The People" are the government. Also that government must be restricted in its power. The founding fathers felt, rightly so, that if you were involved in your city first, county next and state governments last, the federal government wouldn't have much to do besides dealing with foreign entity's.

The biggest mistake a people can make is to expect for government to do for them.