what does hammurabis code tell you about babylonian society?

Answer 1

One key thing to know when considering Hammurabi's "Code" is that it is NOT the first "law code" in Mesopotamian history. Rather, it stands in a line with a number of earlier Sumerian codes (though, unfortunately, these are not as completely preserved).

Here are a handful of things this "Code" seem to reveal about Hammurabi and the society in which he lived:

1) The fact that Hammurabi was following the pattern of several earlier (Sumerian) rulers in issuing this "code" suggests he was NOT trying to establish something brand new (even though the prologue brags a bit about his surpassing his predecessors). He saw himself as much like these earlier rulers, and was declaring his legitimacy and suitedness to rule -- since he was a good "shepherd" looking after his people. (This image, emphasized in H's "prologue" to the code, was a common Mesopotamian image for good rulers.)

2) The fact that H. published it at the BEGINNING of his reign --those other rulers did so LATE in their rule-- suggests that the situation was very STABLE at the time. H did not have to spend a lot of time gaining control and fighting for reforms.

3) The same stability & conservatism is suggested by the great SIMILARITY in the sort of principles expressed in the law in comparison with what we have (though incomplete) from the earlier laws (esp of Lipit-Ishtar).

4) There WERE class distinctions that came into play. Thus, for instance, the penalty for injury to a slave would not be as severe as that to a social equal, let alone a superior. (The "eye for an eye" principle -- which is about making sure the punishment is suited to the crime [not excessive] NOT about "getting revenge" -- only actually applied if the parties were of equal social standing.)

5) The legal system was not only stable but rather complex. The laws (like Lipit-Ishtar's) even reflect the more advanced idea of "tort" (that is, damages for an injured party when there is no evidence of criminal intent). All of this indicates a complex society with experienced leading classes (offiicals, priests, etc).

6) The way the "code" is organized does not suggest an attempt at absolute, careful completeness -- it rather represents more a representative COLLECTION, perhaps of the way such cases had ALREADY been decided, in other words, more a "case law" approach, like the traditional British common law. This again points out the long, gradual and stable history of development... of Mesopotamian societies working out how to handle these matters.

7) This structure as a not quite systematic collection is one reason some hesitate to call it a "law code" at all (and why I use the quotation marks!) More important than that, it is not clear that what we have was USED quite that way. The inscription was posted on a public obelisk -- which itself appears to be a "votive" object, that is, something set up to express devotion to a god (or gods).

And the "code" is set between a prologue and conclusion in which H justifies himself, his faithfulness to the gods, etc. In other words, it all seems to be very much concerned with H's self-presentation -- in part a piece of propaganda (to gods and also to people), justifying his kingship. (In this it would be like MANY royal inscriptions of the Ancient Near East, which recorded and boasted of a king's accomplishments -- in conquering enemies, in building his kingdom and shrines showing his pious devotion to the gods.)

If THAT was his main concern, we must consider the possibility that the code was not meant to 'instruct' judges, and that it did NOT quite reflect the reality of his society and how cases were decided... but rather presented a picture or ideal (either of what they aspired to, or more cynically, propaganda that they did not make much effort to carry out).

To see some of this spelled out with examples, see the excellent series "Mesopotamia Redeemed" by Daniel Foty (esp. parts 5-7 which focus on Hammurabi's laws)

http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2004/10/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2004/11/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2004/11/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed_24.html
http://chrenkoff.blogspot.com/2004/12/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html

**Parts 5-7 = Hammurabi
http://chrenkoff.blogspot.com/2004/12/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed_09.html
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2005/01/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2005/06/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html

Parts 8-9 = what happened later
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2005/07/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html
http://www.pkblogs.com/chrenkoff/2005/08/guest-blogger-mesopotamia-redeemed.html

Answer 2

Babylonian Society

Answer 3

The Law of Hammurabi are very "read between the lines" the people of that time... even slaves had many rights.. for instance they could have their own businesses, homes and even other slaves. The laws of that time are very much ignorant to actual truths.

for instance...... if a builder built a house and the house fell, the builder would have to make good on the house and everything that was in it.

if the house fell while the owners daughter was in the home.. the builders daugther would be killed as well!

It was a CRAZY time!

Answer 4

Hammurabi was a great ruler of Babylonia.

The Code of hammurabi was engraved on stone slabs and was preserved in the temple at Babylon. The code contained 28 legal provisions. Many of them are based on the principle " Tit for Tat", " An eye for Eye' ....

Answer 5

because of the fact congressmen and senators and all politicians would not be waiting to write down or enact regulations that permit their Bankster masters thieve each and every thing of fee left in this usa.