I need examples of pH, Biochemistry, Equilibrium?

Question

I need examples of pH, Biochemsitry, and Equilibrium in terms of chemistry

Thanks

Answer 1

pH = is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration. It is a number in the range of 0 - 14.
0(zero) being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline.
eg. Sulphuric Acid = pH 1 or 2
Sodium hydroxxide pH 12-13
Water is neither acidic nor alkaline, it is neutral and has a pH of 7.

Biochemistry.
Haemoglobin ; a large molecule with an Iron(Fe) atom at the centre of the porphyrin ring. The iron molecule is ligated in to the ring. Without this iron human blood would not be red nor function.
A second molecule is insulin.A biochemical molecule that diabetic patients lack. It is by biochemical standards a small molecule, but is has two disulphide bridge links in order to keep the molecular shape.Under medical supervision, diabetics often use porcine(pig) or bovine(beef) insulin. There is only a small chemical difference in one of the branches between porcine, bovine and human insulin.

Equilibrium.
At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction.
When a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are refluxed to form an ester and water. However, at equil'm, all four compounds are present in the refluxing liquor. Under Le Cheteliers principal equilibrium can be altered by adding or removing one or more of the compounds in the liquor.
Using;_
Ethanoic Acid and Propan-1-ol will give water and Propyl ethanoate. IN nomenclature of esters the 'yl' moiety is from the alcohol and the '-oate' moiety from the carboxylic acid.