What is the difference between a group of elements and elements in the same period?

Question

thanks..xD

Answer 1

Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbit which determines which elements they can bond with and the bonds they can perform.

For example Group 18 are all noble gases or elements and do not react with other elements to form chemical bonds.

In group 17 Fluorine (F) is just above Chlorine (Cl). Both elements want to grab a single electron from the outer orbit and with a low period they are very reactive. Both of these chemicals are known as Halogens because of their group. Whenever a halogen bonds with hydrogen it creates an acid.

In group 1 Hydrogen (H) and Lithium (L) will both form bonds with Fluorine and Chlorine. That means that Astatine (At) could also form a bond with Hydrogen.

The problem is that the closer to the center of the table you get the harder it is to predict the chemical actions. We know that Iron (Fe) bonds readily with Oxygen (O); Ferric Oxide is more commonly known as rust. Since Oxygen is in group 16 it wants 2 more electrons so that determines the Ferric Oxide bond. Since Iron is one of the transition metals its reactions are not as dramatic or as easy to predict as those in the Halogens.

The higher the period the larger the atom and the more neutrons in the nucleus; after a certain point they nucleus becomes too large and the element will decay by shedding those neutrons it can't hold; thus decaying into elements of a smaller period.

You have to understand quantum mechanics to use the Periodic Table correctly, once you do then the periodic table becomes a how to manual for creating chemical reactions and chemical bonds.

Read the article I have cited and pay attention to the sections labeled: Periodic trends of groups and Periodic trends of periods.

The group has the same number of electrons in the outer shell (the valence shell).

The larger periods have larger atoms, with tends of larger ionization, atomic radius, electron affinity and electronegativity.

The Periodic Table is the basic flow chart or manual of chemistry and determines not just how, but why certain chemical reactions happen. An atoms position on the periodic table is determined the by the number of protons and electrons in it; starting with Hydrogen at 1 going up to the synthetic elements like Lawrencium at 103.

Answer 2

Groups of elements are vertical on the periodic table and periods are horizontal across the periodic table. The groups have things in common such as ionization - ability to take or give away electrons among other trends such as reactivity. While periods are based on their electron configuration and trends such as decreased element diameter. They do work together though to make all of the elements fit like a puzzle.

Answer 3

the higher the group higher atomic level
plus one period plus one atomic level (only if they are from same group)