Do electrons go "through" the nucleus in an atom or do protons?

Question

I was reading the Rutherfield theory and I was kind of confused. Also, how come a negative particle can't merge with the nucleus? Does that mean protons can? (grade 10)

Answer 1

The electrons don't merge with the nucleus for the same reason the moon doesn't merge with the earth: they are in stable orbit. If you fire an electron at an atom, it will nearly always be repelled by the outer electron shells. If it does reach the nucleus, an electron can be 'captured' by a proton, producing a neutron and a neutrino. If you fire a proton at a nucleus, it is more likely to split the nucleus than merge with it. When completed in another year or so, the Large Hadron Collider should be doing this a lot.

Answer 2

very stable question, shows a sturdy be attentive to-how! Afraid the solutions so a techniques are incorrect! If the assumption of an orbiting electron have been superb it might certainly spiral into the nucleus!(extremely without postpone too!!). So something else is going on.....quantum mechanics! the electron is likewise a wavelike shape and if there is an integer form of wavelengths interior the "orbit" then the electron is nice. you additionally can think of of the electron as being a smeared out fee it is all over the nucleus...regrettably there is not any unmarried "photograph" for the suggestions to entice close. Oh expensive! orbiting with the aid of gravity is thoroughly distinctive to how an electron "orbits" a nucleus! there is not any connection in spite of. Former is classical physics the latter in straight forward terms quantum. Electromagnetics have not any effect on earth-moon equipment and gravity has no bearing on the electron-proton action.

Answer 3

S orbitals show there is a small but finite probability of finding the electron INSIDE the nucleus. Occassionally the electron is captured by the nucleus, aptly called "electron capture". The proton and electron combine into a neutron and this changes the element type. It is a form of radioactive decay.

Answer 4

The proton and neutron are in an atoms core the electron orbits it

Answer 5

-ve particle cannot emerge through nucleus becoz it is +vely
charged& faces replusion
that does not mean a proton can go through it ,it will collide with the nucleus & cause nuclear fission

Answer 6

Electrons ORBIT the nucleus.
Protons are PART of the nucleus.

Actually, according to quantum mechanics the exact position of the electron is not known, there is only a probability of where they can be found, as per the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle).

Electrons have a negative charge and if they hit the proton then they would try to cancel each other out. The neutral neutron helps to keep the electron away from the nuclease so that can't happen. The strong and weak nuclear forces, which were later proved to be base on electricity and the electron also keep the nucleus together and the electrons outside of it, this where the Rutherfield Theory comes in. His theory lead to our current understanding that the strong and weak nuclear forces are actually electricity. That unifies 2 of the 4 fundamental forces. We know that magnetism is also a form of electricity in action so 3 of the fundamental forces of the universe are unified as per Einstein’s Unified Field Theory; however gravity remains elusive.

According to Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_%28atomic_structure%29
"The discovery of the electron was the first indication that the atom had internal structure. At the turn of the 20th century the accepted model of the atom was J. J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model in which the atom was a large positively charged ball with small negatively charged electrons embedded inside of it. By the turn of the century physicists had also discovered three types of radiation coming from atoms, which they named alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Experiments in 1911 by Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn, and by James Chadwick in 1914 discovered that the beta decay spectrum was continuous rather than discrete. That is, electrons were ejected from the atom with a range of energies, rather than the discrete amounts of energies that were observed in gamma and alpha decays. This was a problem for nuclear physics at the time, because it indicated that energy was not conserved in these decays. The problem would later lead to the discovery of the neutrino (see below).

In 1906 Earnest Rutherford published "Retardation of the α Particle from Radium in passing through Matter" in Philosophical Magazine (12, p 134-46). Geiger expanded on this work in a communication to the Royal Society (Proc. Roy. Soc. July 17, 1908) with experiments he and Rutherford had done passing α particles through air, aluminum foil and gold foil. More work was published in 1909 by Gieger and Marsden (Proc. Roy. Soc. A82 p 495-500) and further greatly expanded work was published in 1910 by Geiger (Proc. Roy. Soc. Feb. 1, 1910). In 1911-2 Rutherford went before the Royal Society to explain the experiments and propound the new theory of the atomic nucleus as we now understand it.

Around the same time that this was happening (1909) Ernest Rutherford performed a remarkable experiment in which Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under his supervision fired alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin film of gold foil. The plum pudding model predicted that the alpha particles should come out of the foil with their trajectories being at most slightly bent. He was shocked to discover that a few particles were scattered through large angles, even completely backwards in some cases. The discovery, beginning with Rutherford's analysis of the data in 1911, eventually led to the Rutherford model of the atom, in which the atom has a very small, very dense nucleus consisting of heavy positively charged particles with embedded electrons in order to balance out the charge. As an example, in this model nitrogen-14 consisted of a nucleus with 14 protons and 7 electrons, and the nucleus was surrounded by 7 more orbiting electrons.

The Rutherford model worked quite well until studies of nuclear spin were carried out by Franco Rasetti at the California Institute of Technology in 1929. By 1925 it was known that protons and electrons had a spin of 1/2, and in the Rutherford model of nitrogen-14 the 14 protons and six of the electrons should have paired up to cancel each others spin, and the final electron should have left the nucleus with a spin of 1/2. Rasetti discovered, however, that nitrogen-14 has a spin of one.

In 1930 Wolfgang Pauli was unable to attend a meeting in Tübingen, and instead sent a famous letter with the classic introduction "Dear Radioactive Ladies and Gentlemen". In his letter Pauli suggested that perhaps there was a third particle in the nucleus which he named the "neutron". He suggested that it was very light (lighter than an electron), had no charge, and that it did not readily interact with matter (which is why it hadn't yet been detected). This desperate way out solved both the problem of energy conservation and the spin of nitrogen-14, the first because Pauli's "neutron" was carrying away the extra energy and the second because an extra "neutron" paired off with the electron in the nitrogen-14 nucleus giving it spin one. Pauli's "neutron" was renamed the neutrino (Italian for little neutral one) by Enrico Fermi in 1931, and after about thirty years it was finally demonstrated that a neutrino really is emitted during beta decay.

In 1932 Chadwick realized that radiation that had been observed by Walther Bothe, Herbert Becker, Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie was actually due to a massive particle that he called the neutron. In the same year Dmitri Ivanenko suggested that neutrons were in fact spin 1/2 particles and that the nucleus contained neutrons and that there were no electrons in it, and Francis Perrin suggested that neutrinos were not nuclear particles but were created during beta decay. To cap the year off, Fermi submitted a theory of the neutrino to Nature (which the editors rejected for being "too remote from reality"). Fermi continued working on his theory and published a paper in 1934 which placed the neutrino on solid theoretical footing. In the same year Hideki Yukawa proposed the first significant theory of the strong force to explain how the nucleus holds together.

With Fermi and Yukawa's papers the modern model of the atom was complete. The center of the atom contains a tight ball of neutrons and protons, which is held together by the strong nuclear force. Unstable nuclei may undergo alpha decay, in which they emit an energetic helium nucleus, or beta decay, in which they eject an electron (or positron). After one of these decays the resultant nucleus may be left in an excited state, and in this case it decays to its ground state by emitting high energy photons (gamma decay).

The study of the strong and weak nuclear forces led physicists to collide nuclei and electrons at ever higher energies. This research became the science of particle physics, the crown jewel of which is the standard model of particle physics which unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces."