Determining Ion Charge From Periodic Table?

Question

I took Chemistry about a year ago. I reviewing some topics for AP Chem, but have forgotten some things like ionic charge. For example:

If you use http://www.webelements.com/ as a guide, I know that Group 1 will a charge of +1, Group 2 would be +2, Group 13 would be +3, Group 15 would be -3, Group 16 would be -2, and Group 17 would be -1.

What would Group 14 be and is there a way to determine the charge in Groups 3 to 12, such as Ag (Silver).

I love Chemistry, but man I forgot so much stuff!!

Answer 1

Group 14 elements are tetravalent, which means that they have 4 electrons in their valance shells. It makes sense that you are unsure what ions they form, because it appears that they could either gain or lose four electrons and be left with a full outer shell, either way. In fact, carbon is much more likely to form covalent bonds than ionic bonds, but it can form negatively charged carbide ions, which are (C4)-, that's "C-four, (one-)minus," not "C (-one), four-minus." As one descends the group, the larger atoms become more likely to lose their outer electrons, so they form +4 ions.

Groups 3 to 12 are the "transition metals," and they are notoriously difficult to predict, ion-wise. Many of them are multivalent, meaning they can form mulitple ions with different charges. You can count on the fact that they will only form positive ions, but beyond that you really just need to memorize the common oxidation states of the most frequently encounted transition metals, such as iron and copper. You will probably be permitted to consult a chart or otherwise given some information about valence shells for any questions about more obscure transition metals.

Answer 2

from left to suited there are 8 columns, the place the noble gases are quantity 8. they have reached the needed variety of valence electrons. each and all the climate prefer to realize this state. to ascertain that an occasion O, a halogen in column 6 desires 2 greater electrons, consequently it has a -2 charge. Li is in column one, and very of gaining 7 electrons this is greater handy to lose one making its charge +a million.