Explain about GSLV satelite launch vehicle ? What is it, what does it do, why is it important ?

Question

What is the maximum payload of GSLV ?

Does India have the technology to make cryogenic engine for GSLV ?

Compare India's space capability with the capability of other advaced countries ?

What does Geo synchoronous space orbit mean ? Why is this orbit important ?

Answer 1

A geosynchronous orbit is an orbit around the Earth with an orbital period matching the Earth's sidereal rotation period. This synchronization means that for an observer at a fixed location on Earth, a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same place in the sky at exactly the same time each day. The special case of a geosynchronous orbit that is circular and directly above the equator is called a geostationary orbit.

A semisynchronous orbit has an orbital period of 0.5 sidereal days, i.e. 11 h 58 min. Relative to the Earth's surface it has twice this period. Examples include the Molniya orbit and the orbits of the satellites in the Global Positioning System.

A circular geosynchronous orbit in the plane of the Earth's equator has a radius of approximately 42,164 km (from the center of the Earth). A satellite in such an orbit is at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (22,236 statute miles) above mean sea level. It will maintain the same position relative to the Earth's surface. If one could see a satellite in geostationary orbit, it would appear to hover at the same point in the sky, i.e., not exhibit diurnal motion, while one would see the Sun, Moon, and stars traverse the heavens behind it. This is sometimes called a Clarke orbit. Such orbits are useful for telecommunications satellites.

A perfect stable geostationary orbit is an ideal that can only be approximated. In practice the satellite will drift out of this orbit (because of perturbations such as the solar wind, radiation pressure, variations in the Earth's gravitational field, and the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun), and thrusters are used to maintain the orbit in a process known as station-keeping.

MISSION
The Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is designed to place satellites in Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). It adopts the flight-proven solid and liquid stages of ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and a cryogenic upper stage. The first development flight, GSLV-D1, carries experimental communication satellite, GSAT-1.
SALIENT FEATURE
# Overall length
:49 m
# Lift-off weight
:401 t
# No. of stages
:3
# Payload (GSLV-D1)
:GSAT-1 (1530 kg)
# Orbit (GTO)
:180 x 36,000 km

Cryogenic Stage

GSLV employs a cryogenic stage. It is for the first time that a cryogenic stage is being employed in an ISRO vehicle. The cryogenic stage is much more efficient and provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant it burns compared to solid and earth-storable liquid propellants. Specific impulse achievable with cryo fluids (liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen) is of the order of 450 sec compared to 300 sec of earth storable and solid fuels, giving a substantial payload advantage; for every one second increase in the specific impulse, the payload gain is of the order of 10 kg.

However, cryogenic stage is technically very complex system compared to solid or earth-storable liquid propellant systems due to the use of propellants at extremely low temperatures and the associated thermal and material problems. The temperature of Liquid Hydrogen is -253 deg C and that of liquid oxygen is -195 deg C. The propellants, at these low temperatures, are to be pumped using turbo pumps running at 42,000 rpm. It also entails complex ground support systems like propellant storage and fill systems, cryo engine and stage test facilities, transportation and handling of the cryo fluids and related safety aspects.

While the initial flights of GSLV will use Russian supplied cryogenic stage, a project CUSP has already been initiated to develop the stage indigenously. The first in a series of tests of an indigenous engine developed under this project was conducted in February 2000 for 15 seconds. Further tests are planned in the coming months.

Answer 2

Payload data for GSLV
LEO Payload: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 45.00 degrees. Payload: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer trajectory. Apogee: 40,000 km (24,000 mi).

I can't say for certain, but I wouldn't be at all surprized if India could manage a cryogenic engine - whether they could or even would want to do one for the GLSV is an entirely different question.

India's space program is probably equal to Japan's, and slightly less than China, at least imho. India is moving towards potentially having a manned program (although I suspect this will all change within the next decade because of private space revolution), but don't quite have the history that Japan has, when it comes to space launch.

A geosynchoronous orbit is an orbit that has a period of exactly 24 hours. This means that it effectively stays over the same spot as it orbits the earth (since the earth rotates at the same speed). In reality there is some drift, but these orbits are increadibly useful for a variety of things (espcially communications)

Answer 3

The Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is designed to place satellites in Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). It adopts the flight-proven solid and liquid stages of ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and a cryogenic upper stage. The first development flight, GSLV-D1, carries experimental communication satellite, GSAT-1.

SALIENT FEATURE
Overall length
:49 m
Lift-off weight
:401 t
No. of stages
:3
Payload (GSLV-D1)
:GSAT-1 (1530 kg)
Orbit (GTO)
:180 x 36,000 km
GSLV is a three stage vehicle, 49m tall. The first stage, GS1, comprises a solid propellant motor (S125) and four liquid propellant strap-on stages(L40). The second stage (GS2) is powered by a single liquid propellant engine (L37.5). The third stage (GS3) is a cryogenic stage (C12) with re-startable engines.

Answer 4

1530kgs, india had own technology, fifth place in world ,for investigation of atmospheric changes