chemistry help? anyone?

Question

1. What evidence did you find to support the idea that matter is made-up of tiny particles and that empty spaces exist between these particles?
2. Differentiate the existence and formation of atoms, ions and molecules. Give examples of each.
3. What is the behavior of phenolphthalein indicator in basic and neutral solutions?

Answer 1

1. Tiny particles: Dalton's Law of Multiple Proportions.
Empty spaces: Rutherford's bombardment of metal foil with alpha particles.

2. Atoms like H lose electrons to form ions like H+; they also combine to form H2 molecules.

3. Phenolphthalein is a complex molecule with a formula that is roughly P-OH

P-OH (white) + OH- ===> P-O- (red) + H2O

P-O- + H+ ===> P-OH