How hot and How did they measure it?

Question

How hot is a / an :
Sun's Core
Animal that's hibernating
Refrigerator
Match Stick that just light up

And how did they measure it??

Answer 1

In the case of the sun's core, they haven't really measured it; they believe it is about 24.5 million degrees Fahrenheit based on theory. [EDIT: Note this is much higher than the number "S T" gives; that's because he's talking about the sun's SURFACE, which is much colder than the core.] The theory is based on what they know about star formation, and the relationships between pressure, temperature and fusion, and observations of the size and mass of the sun and how much radiant energy it puts out.

About the others, I can only guess; so I'll let more knowledgable people answer.

Answer 2

I can tell you one theory of how hot the sun is, based on Stefan's Law.....

The Stefan-Boltzmann law, also known as Stefan's law, states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time (known variously as the black-body irradiance, energy flux density, radiant flux, or the emissive power), j*, is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's thermodynamic temperature T (also called absolute temperature):

Temperature of the Sun

With his law Stefan also determined the temperature of the Sun's surface. He learned from the data of Charles Soret (1854–1904) that the energy flux density from the Sun is 29 times greater than the energy flux density of a warmed metal lamella. A round lamella was placed at such a distance from the measuring device that it would be seen at the same angle as the Sun. Soret estimated the temperature of the lamella to be approximately 1900 °C to 2000 °C. Stefan surmised that ⅓ of the energy flux from the Sun is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so he took for the correct Sun's energy flux a value 3/2 times greater, namely 29 × 3/2 = 43.5.

Precise measurements of atmospheric absorption were not made until 1888 and 1904. The temperature Stefan obtained was a median value of previous ones, 1950 °C and the absolute thermodynamic one 2200 K. As 2.574 = 43.5, it follows from the law that the temperature of the Sun is 2.57 times greater than the temperature of a lamella, so Stefan got a value of 5430 °C or 5700 K (modern value is 5780 K). This was the first sensible value for the temperature of the Sun. Before this, values ranging from as low as 1800 °C to as high as 13,000,000 °C were claimed. The lower value of 1800 °C was determined by Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (1790-1868) in 1838 using the Dulong-Petit law. Pouilett also took just half the value of the Sun's correct energy flux. Perhaps this result reminded Stefan that the Dulong-Petit law could break down at large temperatures.

The temperature of the sun is all based on these theories, as far as the other stuff it can actaully be measured with a thermometer, they have infared thermometers that can measure temperature at a distance. I know in the food industry you just have to aim the light beam at the item you want to measure and it give you a read out almost instantly, and is good at distances at about 20 feet or so.


you can also use this theory to estimate the temperature of stars...it will not let me show you the mathmatical theory...go to wikipedia and go there to see the actual math theory to get the temperature, look up Stefan's Law or go to the link below.

It has a density of up to 150,000 kg/m³ (150 times the density of water on Earth) and a temperature of close to 13,600,000 kelvins (by contrast, the surface of the Sun is close to 5,785 kelvins (1/2350th of the core).