String theory?

Question

Does string theory say that an electromagnetic field or a gravitational field is caused by particles such as gravitons?

What are all of these particles called in general(including gravitons)?

So does this mean energy is used up when creating an electromagnetic field?

Answer 1

I believe that all chargeless massless particles like photons, gravitons, etc, are called *Bosons*.

Other types are called Fermions, the particles that two of cannot occupy the same space.

String theory or m-theory suggest that gravitation might be the result of leakage from a parallel structure into our universe, and that might explain why it is so much weaker than the other forces. It does describe the unification of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces.
It does not address the quantum theory but instead only addresses the field theory. Gravitons would come under the heading of quanta.

Energy *is* used up when an electromagnetic field is created, definately. And the amount of energy (per photon of EM) is equal to planks constant times its frequency. An electron would emit an EM photon of energy E=hf if it went to a lower from a higher orbital, and thereby losing energy.

Answer 2

Does electromagnetic friction cause graviton parameters?

Answer 3

'the standard model' says that forces are carried by the force carrying particles like gravitons carry gravitation.
these force carrying particles are in general called 'bosons' and these paticles dont obey Pauli's exclusion principle.
other forces are carried by
em force by photons
weak force by vector bosons
strong force by gluons

i dont think that energy is used up i creating an em field.

Answer 4

11 dimensional string theory, (and 26 dimensional M theory), has not produced anything.

It is possible that the extra 7 dimensions of space in string theory, (that are not perceived), are mathematical deception that first appeared with 5 dimensional Kaluza-Klein Theory.

String theory is possibly deception derived from adding dimensions of space to the already existing 3 dimensions of space one dimension at a time at 90 degree angles to the previous dimension.

That string theory is possibly invalid is stated at the end of the wikipedia article on string theory.

Answer 5

The graviton is pure theory, it has never been detected or isolated.

Answer 6

The theoretical particle of gravitons are independent from string theory.

Magnetism and electricity are expressions of the same force; electricity. Inside the atom these forces are also expressed as the strong and weak nuclear forces which keep atoms together, but make sure there is mostly empty space inside of them. This has been all proved as part of the Unified Field Theory; Einstein’s last project.

Einstein thought that all forces were fundamentally the same force, but gravity has been a stickler and we don’t understand it very well. Questions like; how is gravity created, what particles carry gravity, how fast do they travel, and how far? As far as we know the gravity is constant and it unchanging. When you combine two or masses the gravity fields merge, but we don’t see a change in it. All we see is the objects coming together. From 5 million miles away or 5 millimeters the gravity field doesn’t change it just merges. We can’t create gravity, and the only way we can measure it is by dropping something and timing the fall. Under earth gravity; 1G objects fall at the speed of 9.8 m/s or 32 ft/s, at sea level. While all objects fall at the same rate air pressure can slow an item down, hence a feather takes longer to fall. However, on the moon a simple science experiment showed that in a vacuum, a hammer and a feather fall at the same rate.

Electricity is conducted by electrons which are made up of smaller particles we call quarks. We haven’t found a smaller particle than that, and we are having trouble seeing down to the quark scale. Our best microscope; the electron microscope can see a single atom, but not the particles inside of its component neutrons, electrons and protons. Experiments in particle accelerators have been done to find these smaller sub-atomic particles. The new super collider being built in Europe could advance our understanding of these fundamental particles and maybe even discover the basic particles.

Atom comes from the Latin word indivisible, and the Greeks considered it to be the fundamental pieces of the universe. That understanding didn’t change until the discovery of sub atomic particles in the mid 20th century. We understood electricity existed and could be conducted, but we weren’t sure what exactly was going on. Ben Franklin got it backwards and thought protons traveled toward electrons to cancel themselves out. Instead electricity goes from the negative pole as the electrons travel to the positive pole to ground themselves out and neutralize each other. In a battery a chemical reaction creates a surplus of ions (atoms with extra electrons) on one side and a deficiency of electrons on the other. As the chemical reaction continues both sides even themselves out.

According to Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
“The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It is a spin-½ lepton that participates in electromagnetic interactions, and its mass is less than one thousandth of that of the smallest atom. Its electric charge is defined by convention to be negative, with a value of −1 in atomic units. Together with atomic nuclei, electrons make up atoms; their interaction with adjacent nuclei is the main cause of chemical bonding.”

Electrons are composed of leptons which are in the same family as quarks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton). Quarks combine to create protons and neutrons. This is where the force of electricity comes from. But what creates gravity? We don’t know. We think it could be a particle like the electron called the graviton.

String Theory says that there is a roughness of the universe at the quantum level and there are tiny wormholes in this quantum foam that allow travel from one to the other instantiously even though the two ends of the string are not touching. For this to happen the math (advanced calculus which I don’t understand) requires at least 20 dimensions. Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity required at least 11 dimensions; again this requires a very high order of calculus which is hard for most people to understand.

Gravity could be a force that comes from a different dimension. If that is true then our poor 4D brains can’t understand it. We can only understand the basic dimensions of length, width, depth and time. If gravity originated in a higher dimension then that would explain why we can’t find the graviton, and why we can’t create or destroy gravity.

A nuclear explosion converts a bit of matter to create a huge amount of energy. If we could measure what is going on there then we might be able to see what is going on with gravity. But, we can’t even imagine a substance strong enough to stay solid inside the heart of a nuclear explosion. If we could cause something the size of a tennis ball to under go nuclear fission then we might be able to understand gravity better as the matter is converted to energy. As we understand energy though it does have mass and gravity; since they are all created from the fundamental force electricity which we can study, and subdivide, but we still can’t find those pesky gravitons.

The Law of Conservation says you can’t create or destroy matter or energy. Only the massive processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion convert matter to energy. But, the amount of actual matter converted is microscopic. We need a minimum size of nuclear material to increase the probability of the collisions that forms fission. Theoretically we can create tiny nuclear grenades.

There is a third way to change matter to energy; antimatter. Antimatter is the opposite of matter; sort of like night and day. Put the two together and they destroy each other. An antiproton is the size of an electron while an anti-electron called the positron (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter) has the size of a proton. If you create an atom of anti-hydrogen and exposed it to normal matter then it would self destruct and “would lead to the annihilation of both in the same way that mixing of antiparticles and particles does, thus giving rise to high-energy photons (gamma rays) or other particle–antiparticle pairs.” If we did this and could study the reaction then we might be able to find the elusive graviton.

Maybe the super collider will discover smaller particles than quarks; maybe glueons; and then smaller particles that could be gravitons. Right now we don’t know if these particles even exist or if they manifest themselves in one of the four dimensions that we can understand.

Gravitons are related to string theory in that both are at the quantum level, but string theory only covers wormholes and higher dimensions not the fundamental mythical particle the graviton.