are Republicans Conservative and Democrats Liberal?

Answer 1

In general, based on how the US media define the terms, yes.

However, the democrats appear to be more right wing than liberal parties in Western Europe.

Answer 2

No. Strictly speaking, Both Conservative and Liberal parties have specific guidelines and mandates that are not shared by the US Democrat and Republican parties. For a start, Canada isn't a republic, it's a parliamentary democracy whose head of state is a Governor General who, broadly speaking, represents the Queen. The very idea of a Republican party would be completely absurd. On the other hand, the Liberal party follows the idea that a market economy needs to be supported by state intervention and hence tends to follow big collectivist projects, like universal healthcare, government funded companies, etc, etc. A liberal party would be a complete anomaly in the States...
Of course, it is possible to draw some parallels at ground level. For instance, they broadly fit into the left right denomination, but you can't really say that Republicans are Conservatives and Democrats Liberals any more than you could compare them with the French UDF and Socialist party... A Socialist party in the States?
Best,
f.

Answer 3

No, Canada does not have a mainstream political party as far right as the Republicans. Canada's Conservatives match up closer to the American Democrats. America does not really have a mainstream party as left-leaning as Canada's Liberal party.

Answer 4

Generally speaking.
But there are moderate Democrats & moderate Republicans. And there are the Libertarians who aren't pigeon-holed so easily.