How do you determine the neutrons in an element, the protons in an element, as well as charge and mass?

Question

Once elements become ions is their charge figured out by the number of unpaired electrons?

Answer 1

No. of protons = atomic number (periodic table)

No. of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number (periodic table)

Mass of element = atomic mass (periodic table)

Charge = difference in protons and electrons - elements are neutral, ions are charged.

Answer 2

Refer to the periodic table and you will find two important numbers for each element, atomic number and atomic mass. Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus and is balanced by an equal number of electrons in the outer shells. If all the electrons are removed, the nucleus will have a positive charge equal to the number of protons multiplied by the charge of each proton.

The difference between atomic mass number and the atomic number is the number of neutrons, which are of approximately the same mass as the proton but are electrically neutral.

For example with 92U238, 92 protons and 146 neutrons are present.

Answer 3

No. of Protons = Atomic Number

No. of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number
(Large number - smaller number)

No. of Electrons = No. of Protons = Atomic Number

NB. Elements are not charged, they are neutral until they become Ions.