some 1 please explain mendel's second law- the law of independent assortment.?

Answer 1

Law of Independent Assortment: Mendel deduced the first 2 laws by using a monohybrid cross. This is a genetic cross containing 1 trait. Mendel was lucky in choosing the characteristics he worked with, since the were not linked and found on separate chromosomes. In a dihybrid cross, 2 trait cross, there are many possible chromosome combinations during gamete formation. Each chromosome seems to have a mind of its own when choosing which sperm or egg cell to enter. Each chromosome does not have a mind but the rules of chance take over in determining where they are to go. This is called independent assortment. Let us look at a simple example: RrYy represents one parent with the characteristics R and r for skin texture and Y and y for hair texture. The parent is heterozygous for both characteristics. During gamete formation one of the R's and one of the Y's need to be in each sperm cell. If this does not happen the offspring will have too many Y's or too few R's and visa versa. The possible gametes must have one R and one Y to be effective. RY, rY, Ry, and ry are the only possible combinations allowed. This individual has the possibility of producing any one of these gametes from the original RrYy cell. If the other parent has the same genotype ( arrangement of genes) the gametes would be the same. If a genetic cross were made there would be 16 possible combinations of offspring from that mating. 9 would be dominant for both characteristics, 3 would be dominant for R and recessive for y, 3 would be dominant for Y and recessive for r, and 1 would be recessive for both characteristics. This can only occur if 2 or more traits are being used and they are on separate chromosomes.

Answer 2

The law of independent assortment means that the way one pair of alleles (forms of the gene) separate does not affect how another pair of alleles separates.

Imagine that two girls, Ann and amy, are sitting on a bench with two guys, Bill and bob. I'm standing near the bench and talking to you on the phone while you are at home. I tell you that one girl and one guy just left together. Guess who left? You can't see them because you are not there.

Could be:
Ann and Bill
Ann and bob
amy and Bill
amy and bob

Just has to be one guy and one girl. There weren't any rules about which guy belongs with which girl.

That's how independent assortment works.
If the alleles are A and a instead of Ann and amy, B and b instead of Bill and bob:

Then the genotype is AaBb.
Which alleles go into a gamete together? One of the As and one of the Bs.
Which A goes with which B? Doesn't matter ... it's random.
So to show all the possible gametes, you have to show all the possible combinations: AB, Ab, aB, ab.

Answer 3

you're maximum suitable. each and all the genes on the comparable chromosome are based upon one yet another. this is what we call "linkage". Linkage is an exception to Mendel's regulation of segregation. the comparable holds actual for autonomous series. Alleles on the comparable chromosome of a homologous pair can not assort independently of one yet another.

Answer 4

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that allele pairs of different genes, separate independently during the formation of gamates. i.e. the presence of 1 particular allele of gene A does not mean that a certain allele of gene B has to be present.