atmospheric pressure
Force per unit area exerted by the air above the surface of the Earth. Standard sea-level pressure, by definition, equals 1 atmosphere (atm), or 29.92 in. (760 mm) of mercury, 14.70 lbs per square in., or 101.35 kilopascals, but pressure varies with elevation and temperature. It is usually measured with a mercury barometer (hence the term barometric pressure), which indicates the height of a column of mercury that exactly balances the weight of the column of atmosphere above it. It may also be measured using an aneroid barometer, in which the action of atmospheric pressure in bending a metallic surface is made to move a pointer.
Isobar (meteorology and climatology)
A curve along which pressure is constant. Leading examples of its uses are in weather forecasting and meteorology. The most common weather maps are charts of weather conditions at the Earth's surface and mean sea level, and they contain isobars as principal information. Areas of bad or unsettled weather are readily defined by roughly circular isobars around low-pressure centers at mean sea level. Likewise, closed isobars around high-pressure centers define areas of generally fair weather. See also Air pressure.
A principal use of isobars stems from the so-called geostrophic wind, which approximates the actual wind on a large scale. The direction of the geostrophic wind is parallel to the isobars, in the sense that if an observer stands facing away from the wind, higher pressures are to the person's right if in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left if in the Southern. Thus, in the Northern Hemisphere, flow is counterclockwise about low-pressure centers and clockwise about high-pressure centers, with the direction of the flow reversed in the Southern Hemisphere.
2007-07-18 03:25:20
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answer #2
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answered by Double O 6
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The lines are set up in increments of 5, for the US meteorological maps unless otherwise noted and the lines are marked for reference and so it is easy to see where pressures rise or fall without confusion.
2007-07-18 03:32:33
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answer #3
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answered by mike453683 5
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