ADP and AMP?

Question

For testing purposes I am supposed to know what ATP, ADP, and AMP are.

I know that ATP is the source of energy for all body activities and that ATP is a nucleotide containing 3 phosphate groups, a nitrogen base, and a sugar.

But...what is AMP and ADP? How do they relate? Basic, fundamental explanations is all I need as I am in Anatomy and Physiology 1. Thanks.

so what does the cell use ADP and AMP for since AMP has only 1 phosphate, and ADP only 2?

Answer 1

ADP is adenoside Diphosphate and AMP is adenoside monophosphate. ADP is the accepter for phosphate cycles (like citric acid cycle) to make ATP because it only has two phosphate groups. With ADP nothing would be there to accept the outgoing phosphates. (ATP synthase combines phosphate and ADP). AMP only has one phosphate group and is very important for a couple reasons. First it is one of the four building blocks for RNA where it is also known as 5' adenlylic acid. AMP can also be cyclized to make cAMP which is important in intercellular signaling.

Answer 2

High levels of AMP signal to the cell that it needs to produce more energy as glycolysis is initiated, high levels of ATP will shut off glycolysis, since at this point the cell will have sufficient energy.
So basically ADP and ATP are used by the cell for energy since breaking the phosphate bond releases a lot of energy and AMP is used by the cell for cell signaling.

Answer 3

ADP and AMP are exactly the same as ATP, with the exception of the number of phosphates. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, and AMP and ADP are monophosphate and diphosphates respectfully. when ATP is used for energy, it breaks off a phosphate, releasing energy. other parts of the cell are dedicated to reattaching phosphates, so ATP can be used for more energy

Answer 4

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide, and is most important in cell biology as a coenzyme that is the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer.[1] In this role, ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is produced as an energy source during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and consumed by many enzymes and a multitude of cellular processes including biosynthetic reactions, motility and cell division.[2] ATP is made from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and its use in metabolism converts it back into these precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms, with the human body turning over its own weight in ATP each day.[3] In signal transduction pathways, ATP is used as a substrate by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids, as well as by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP.[4] Apart from its roles in energy metabolism and signaling, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase. ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann,[5] and was proposed to be the main energy-transfer molecule in the cell by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.[6]

Answer 5

Products which occur in the pathway.

Answer 6

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