What are Bosons?

Question

What are bosons & what is the principle of making bose speakers & amplifiers?

Answer 1

*Boson*,
one of the two basic divisions of elementary particles, the basic units of matter and energy.

*Boson*
- particle with zero or integral spin: an elementary particle that has zero or integral spin and obeys statistical rules that place no restriction on the number of identical particles that may be in the same state.

In particle physics, bosons are force carrier particles, such as the photon. They may be either elementary or composite. They are distinguished from fermions (matter particles) by their integer spin. Bosons are named after Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose.

While most bosons are composite particles, four bosons (the gauge bosons) are elementary particles not known to be composed of other particles. The only other{fact} boson in the Standard Model is the Higgs boson, yet to be discovered experimentally.

In contrast to fermions, bosons can occupy the same quantum state. Thus, bosons with the same energy can occupy the same place in space. Therefore bosons are usually related with radiation while fermions are related with matter, though the difference between the two is not clear in quantum physics.

Basic properties
All elementary particles and composite particles are either bosons or fermions (depending on their spin). Particles with half-integer spin are designated fermions; particles with integer spin are designated bosons. The spin-statistics theorem identifies the resulting quantum statistics that differentiate fermions and bosons. Due to their integer spin, bosons obey Bose–Einstein statistics, one consequence of which is the Bose–Einstein condensation of particles—in which any number of bosons can share the same quantum state. This allows masers and lasers to operate—all photons in these devices are in the same quantum state. Thus, bosons do not "resist" when placed at the same place. Fermions, being half-integer spin particles, can't occupy the same quantum state - they "resist" being placed close to each other. So, fermions posses "rigidness" and thus sometimes are considered to be "particles of matter".

While fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle: "no more than one fermion can occupy a single quantum state," there is no such exclusion property for bosons, which can occupy the same quantum state. The result is that the spectrum of photon gas of certain equilibrium temperature is a Planck spectrum (one example of which is black-body radiation; another is the thermal radiation of the opaque early Universe seen today as microwave background radiation). Operation of lasers, the properties of superfluid helium-4 and recent formation of Bose–Einstein condensates of atoms are all consequences of statistics of bosons.

Interaction of virtual bosons with real fermions are called fundamental interactions, and these result in all forces we know. The bosons involved in these interactions are called gauge bosons—such as the W vector bosons of the weak force, the gluons of the strong force, the photons of the electromagnetic force, and (in quantum gravity) the graviton of the gravitational force.

In large systems, The difference between bosonic and fermionic statistics is only apparent at large densities—when their wave functions overlap. At low densities, both types of statistics are well approximated by Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, which is described by classical mechanics.


[edit] Composite bosons
Particles composed of a number of other particles (such as protons, neutrons or nuclei) can be either fermions or bosons, depending on their total spin. Hence, many nuclei are in fact bosons. So even though the main three massive subatomic particles i.e. the proton, neutron, and electron are all fermions, it is possible for a single element such as helium to have some isotopes that are fermions (e.g. 3He) and other isotopes that are bosons (e.g. 4He). (3He is composed of one neutron and two protons [PNP].) Likewise, the deuteron (2H), which is composed of one proton plus one neutron [NP] is a boson, while the triton (3H), which is composed of two neutrons plus one proton [NPN] is a fermion. The deuterium atom composed of three fermions (proton+neutron+electron) is a fermion, while its nucleus [NP] when separated from the electron is a boson.

Composite bosons exhibit bosonic behavior only at distances large compared to their structure size. At a small distance they behave according to properties of their constituting particles. For example, despite the fact that an alpha particle is a boson, at high energy it interacts with another alpha particle not as a boson but as an ensemble of fermions.


[edit] Examples of bosons
Main article: List of particles#Bosons (integer spin)
Photons, which mediate the electromagnetic force
W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak nuclear force
Gluons
Higgs bosons
Phonons
Cooper pairs

Answer 2

In particle physics, bosons are force carrier particles, such as the photon. They may be either elementary or composite. They are distinguished from fermions (matter particles) by their integer spin. Bosons are named after Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose.While most bosons are composite particles, four bosons (the gauge bosons) are elementary particles not known to be composed of other particles. The only other{fact} boson in the Standard Model is the Higgs boson, yet to be discovered experimentally.In contrast to fermions, bosons can occupy the same quantum state. Thus, bosons with the same energy can occupy the same place in space. Therefore bosons are usually related with radiation while fermions are related with matter, though the difference between the two is not clear in quantum physics.

Answer 3

Boson or a bose einstein condensate is the coldest particle in the universe. Its existence was first hypothesized by Dr. Satyendranath Bose and Einstein in the 1940's. For many years, physicists considered its existence fictional but then in 1996, the particle was finally created. Please refer to wikipedia for more info.

Bose speakers are totally unrelated to a boson. It is just a brandname but they have the best speakers in the market

Answer 4

In particle physics, bosons are force carrier particles, such as the photon. They may be either elementary or composite. They are distinguished from fermions (matter particles) by their integer spin. Bosons are named after Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose.

While most bosons are composite particles, four bosons (the gauge bosons) are elementary particles not known to be composed of other particles. The only other{fact} boson in the Standard Model is the Higgs boson, yet to be discovered experimentally.

Answer 5

The Higgs boson doesn't have to walk into a church. All it has to do is to start holding meetings and incorporate under the laws of some state to become a church and it is. All the noise over the alleged discovery of the particle (which it wasn't) is as fanatical as any religion's claims to having "the authentic Jesus." Added: I realized you were making a joke (smiling), but I'm not. From the reports that I've read, a lot of them border on religious fanaticism. And that's really, really sad, considering that science is usually unemotional about its processes, and quite logical. I'll admit that I enjoyed the chuckle, even though I'm not a Catholic.

Answer 6

To add to sandevyl, Bose Speakers are unrelated. It's just a company named after another guy named Bose, I suppose. Hey, that rhymes.

Answer 7

They're creepy-looking clowns. No wait, that's Bozo.