You can get at least six different answers with six different definitions of "computer", from Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine (England, c.1840) to the relay computers of George Stibitz or Konrad Zuse, John V. Atanasoff's ABC computer at Iowa State College around 1940, Tommy Flowers' Colossus codebreaking computer at Bletchley Park in 1943, Howard Aitken's ASCC calculator at Harvard in 1944, and Eckert and Mauchly's ENIAC electronic calculator at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania, in 1946.
But all of these proto-computers had the shortcoming that they stored their data in one way, and their operational instructions (or program) in some completely different way. Every later true computer was distinguished by having a single type of store in which the program instructions, and the data they worked on, were kept and read and written in exactly the same way as each other. This idea was published by John von Neumann of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, in 1946. Modern writers think that he has received far more credit for this great insight than he would actually have wanted for himself, and that he had based it very much on the ideas of the English mathematician and logician Alan Turing.
The first machine to work according to the new von Neumann design was the Manchester Small Scale Experimental Machine, or "Baby" for short, at Manchester in England on 21 June 1948. It was built by Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn. This is the date which the British Computer Society observes as the birthday of electronic computers. However, the Manchester Baby was only a prototype, with only a tiny main store and no proper input/output equipment, and it never did any useful work.
The second machine completed to the von Neumann design was the EDSAC at Cambridge, UK, built by Maurice Wilkes. It ran its first program on 6 May 1949, and for the next 18 months it was the only operational computer in the world. It was used to solve a great number of important scientific problems.
2007-07-02 11:33:29
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answer #2
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answered by bh8153 7
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computers in their earliest form came in the form of the abacus invented probably 5000 years ago (and still in use in areas of china and the soviet union). punched cards used in computing were developed by french weavers in 1801. in this year a gentleman named joseph jacquard invented a loom for the manufacture of elaborate patterned fabrics in which the pattern was a coded loop of cards with holes punched in them. the holes allowed needles to pass through and lift corresponding threads of the warp. the first "digital" computer was invented by charles babbage in 1834-but this was never completed. his analytical engine (invented 20 years before) was to have been programmed using punched cards this would make calculations with the aid of a memory store print out the answers and could operate at the (then remarkable speed) of one addition a second. but sadly the requirments of babbages invention was beyond the capabilities of victorian engineers and government funds were withdrawn. and the rest as they say-is history.
2007-06-30 18:30:10
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answer #3
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answered by tony c 5
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charled babbage in association with the american military in WWII it was used to decode enemy messages
2007-06-28 14:52:15
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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