What do RNA's and DNA's do?

Answer 1

DNA is the blueprints of your body. It is sequenced in such a way that your cells can read it and produce proteins (and a few other things) from it. Slight alterations in the DNA code can change the outcome of what your cells read just enough to make different organisms of the same species. Larger changes in DNA can make another species all together.

RNA is similar to DNA, but it is less stable and short lived. When your cells want to read DNA to make proteins, first they make a copy of DNA which is made out of RNA. This RNA can be sent out from the nucleus of the cell into the cytoplasm, where it in turn is read. It will degrade into its base components after a while, unlike DNA which can last thousands of years if undisturbed.

Answer 2

I will try and make this explanation basic.
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DNA is a set of four amine bases called purines and pyrimidines. The particular sequence or arrangment of bases produces a specific gene with coding and non-coding regions. As you know, each gene codes for a specific protein.

Basically, DNA codes for protiens.
Now for RNA. There are many types of RNA. They are just not used for protein synthesis. I will give you a brief description of each one and tell you their function.

The types of RNA involved with protien synthesis:
mRNA (messenger RNA): This is the transcript from DNA. Made within a process called transcription. A pre-mRNA is made and then processed within the nucleus. The mRNA contains a 5'guanine cap, a 3'polyA tail, and exons or called and ORF (open reading frame which contains a three group of bases called codon = an amino acid code)(codes for the protein). The polyA tail and guanine cap are the UTR's (untranslated regions.
A mRNA will contain a kozak sequence (mammals) and bacteria has a delargo sequence. these two sequences are small and are similar between organisms. The function increases the expression of the protein.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) it reads the mRNA transcript. It contains an EPA site for the tRNA to go into. A first, then P and E.
tRNA (transfer RNA) in contians the anticodon and the amino acid. the anticodon matches the codon on mRNA and the amino acid is released. First, the tRNA enters the at the A site. bonds to mRNA at the P site and releases the amino acid the the E site and leaves for another amino acid.
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The three RNA's above were involved with protien expression. These set of RNA's are involved with interfering with protein expression.
siRNA(silencing RNA), RNAi(interfering RNA), and miRNA(miroRNA).
These RNA's affect protein expression by binding to the kozak sequence or somewhere within the ORF region.
siRNA and miRNA use the same enzymes for their synthesis, which are RISC and Dicer. miRNA is about 20-25bp(base pairs) in length and similar to siRNA. miRNA is coded within the DNA and it only codes for the miRNA and not a protein.

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As you can see, the biochemistry/molecular biology of RNA and DNA gets complicated quickly. I am sure that you are in college or high school biology and you need to know the basics. The DNA section and protein synthesis section are the only ones you should concern your self with. The expression interfering RNA's is an extra tidbit of information. These types of RNA is very big topic in research for cures to many diseases like Cancer and AIDS. There is one drug that uses RNAi for AIDS and my lab is working on miRNAs within a protein called TOPORS.
good luck.

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers that plays several important roles in the processes that translate genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into protein products; RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, forms vital portions of ribosomes, and acts as an essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis.

RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugars while DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA uses predominantly uracil instead of thymine present in DNA. RNA is transcribed (synthesized) from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.

Nucleic acids were discovered in 1868 (some sources indicate 1869) by Johann Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895), who called the material 'nuclein' since it was found in the nucleus. It was later discovered that prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus, also contain nucleic acids. The role of RNA in protein synthesis had been suspected since 1939, based on experiments carried out by Torbjörn Caspersson, Jean Brachet and Jack Schultz. Hubert Chantrenne elucidated the messenger role played by RNA in the synthesis of proteins in ribosome. The sequence of the 77 nucleotides of a yeast RNA was found by Robert W. Holley in 1964, winning Holley the 1968 Nobel Prize for Medicine. In 1976, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent determined the complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA.[

Answer 4

RNA(recombinant dioxy ribonucleic acid), allows the existing DNA(dioxy ribonucleic acid) to re-produce itself by "unzipping" and Re-forming itself with another "unzipped" section of DNA. DNA is all the amino acid assemblies that allow an animal, human or plant (even viruses, bacteria and fungus's) to exist and to re-produce. The basic DNA acids are A, F, G, and T. By their different assemblies and their placement in the DNA strand, you get whatever life form it will be.