Who won Operation Barbarossa?

Question

I would like to find out who won Operation Barbarossa. Also how did this change Germany's control over Europe and their resources?

Answer 1

In two weeks, the Germans were already half-way to Moscow. In a month, the Germans captured an area double the size of their own country. The region captured produced 75% of Russia's coal & iron. 33% of its beef & grain. Almost all its sugar. By autumn 1941, the Germans controlled what had been the industrial and agricultural heart of the Soviet Union, but to no avail. For 600 miles in every direction, the invaders advanced over scorched earth.

Answer 2

In very simple terms - Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the planned Nazi army invasion of Russia in 1941. It was not essentially a battle as such, so there was no 'winner' - it is more correct to say that the operation failed. The key to its success was a swift an effective subduing of Russia. However as with Napoleon's effort to invade Russia in 1812, the effort to carry out a quick invasion failed which led to Germany fighting both on the East of their territory (across Russia) and to the West (in France and Belgium).
This split of resources ultimately doomed germany, particularly once fighting began in earnest on a further front in Northern Africa.

Answer 3

Barbarossa was the code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union and initially it was very successful but the first setback was failing to capture Leningrad, the second was failing to capture Moscow by which time the Russian winter had slowed down operations giving the Soviets time to regroup and recover from the initial shock.
The following winter the German Sixth Army was annihilated at Stalingrad and after that it was one long retreat for the Germans and they were finally defeated in May 1945

Answer 4

Operation Barbarossa, AKA the invasion of Russia was lost by the Germans more than it was won my the Russians. The Germans, like Napoleon before them was beaten by the severe Russian winter as much as by the Russians themselves. Their supply lines became stretched to breaking point and they were unprepared to the degree that soldiers were only lightly equipped and vehicles froze.

To see how the defeat changed Germany's control over Europe you need to look at when it occured in the context of WW2 and alos whether or not the Germans were effectively fighting on two fronts at once...

Answer 5

Barbarossa was the name given by Hitler to the invasion of Russia which commenced on 21 June 1941.

Initially Germany made incredible advances and won stunning victories as everywhere the Russians were taken by surprise, their aircraft often destroyed on the ground, their outclassed tanks and tactics being defeated along the entire front.

As the operation progressed entire Russian armies were encircled and kiiled or captured by the German armies.

However, even as it started Barbarossa contained the seeds of disaster. The start of the operation had been delayed by several weeks first to benefit from more tank production and then by the need to shore up German and Italian forces on the North African front. This delay would prove serious with the onset of the harsh Russian winter when, combined with the failure to finish off the Russian armies, the Russian "scorched earth" policy of leaving no shelter or supplies behind as they retreated and the short-sighted decision not to manufacture or supply the German troops with winter clothes.

Hitler initially decided to capture the Cuacasian oilfields to deny them to the Russians and virtually ignored the capture of major objectives like Moscow and Stalingrad. When he finally turned his armies towards Moscow and Stalingrad winter was already setting in. The freeze-thaw created mud that slowed the German tanks more than the Russian ones with their wider tracks and permitted defences to be perpared.

The Germans never managed to get further than about 30km from Moscow while their occupation of Stalingrad resulted in a battle of attrition fought street by street and cellar by cellar which ended in a stalemate which was broken when fresh Russian armies encircled wiped out the German forces besieging the city.

From Stalingrad the Russians steady pushed the Germans right back across Russian and the other countries Germany had occupied and eventually captured Berlin itself, bringing an end to the war.

Who won Barbarossa? Although the initial gains and sucesses were all German, the invasion of Russia eventually led to Germany's defeat so I would say that in the long run Russia won.

Resources:-
During Barbarossa, Germany occupied vast tract of Russian land which was used for farming (mainly wheat and cattle) which obviously fell under German control. Further north they gained access to forestry resources. The most significant changes were the aquisition of the Caucasian oilfields in the south which were denied to the Russians and of major benefit to the Germans during the comparatively short period that they occupied them.

Answer 6

Yes. There was a good chance that if properly led and certain other events had been sorted first. Politically, Hitler could have made a deal with the UK to keep them out of the war. There was a chance that may have happened and certain events could have forced it if invasion had failed. Failure to secure the UK by force or by politics meant he had a second front to contend with when he went east. It also meant the UK stayed in the war and was able to assist in getting much needed supplies to the Russians when the Germans attacked. With no UK in the war then the Arctic convoys would likely not have happened. He could have worked better with Japan but they were poles apart but on a common cause, that cause being general land grab and sod the world. If Japan had attacked Russia when the Germans did then the USSR were on very dodgy ground. Do not forget Stalin had shot most of his best Generals and the army was in a poor state. The only advantage was sheer numbers. So politically Hitler failed there as well in securing a better deal with Japan. When Japan attacked Pearl Harbour, Hitler declared war on the US. Although he had a pact with Japan that said he would go to war with the US if Japan was attacked first, the way Japan attacked the US mitigated this requirement. Hitler's hubris here was the final nail in his coffin. He did not need a war with the US, and the US was unlikely to be able to declare on Germany if Hitler played his cards right. The US was able to ship loads of help to the Russians. The next political failing in a way was Hitler took control of everything. If he had left the Generals in charge then a major push to Moscow could have forced Stalin into a peace deal with new borders. He could have also been replaced but is subordinates were too cowed to see the opportunity and missed it. Stalin forced the USSR to take a great deal of punishment to defeat the Germans. They would shoot their own soldiers who retreated. Prisoners taken by the Germans and later liberated were sent to the camps or worse, shot. They set low levels of food allowances, beneath rates needed to live in the besieged cities. So politically he was brutal on his own people to make the Germans suffer greatly and swamp them in suicidal attacks. He also presented a problem for the western leaders who often worried that he might sign a new deal with Germany and Churchill had him pegged as trouble long before the war finished.

Answer 7

OB was a resounding success for the germans although they didn't defeat the soviets,luckily the germans were ultimately defeated and as you may know lost the war.
So it's a bit like a surgeon saying the operation was a success,but the patient died

Answer 8

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Politically, Hitler's failure to realize the worth of the various ethnic and national groups in the Soviet Union willingness to join Germany in the elimination of the Soviet System. Various nationalities and ethnic groups had been waging active war against the Soviet regime since the Russian Revolution. Ukrainians, for example welcomed the Germans with open arms until excessively hard treatment was imposed on them.. They were but one of the various peoples which would have helped fight the Soviets. The promise of a kind of limited self-government once the war was over would have been more than enough to ensure their aid. Additionally, although Germany was bound by treaty to declare war on the United Stated if Japan did; Hitler could have done what he had done so many times in his career, ignore the treaty. Germany's failure to eliminate Great Britain militarily forced him into a two front and unwinnable war. Hitler could have put a full court press on the British government and its citizens to negotiate a separate peace accord. France had betrayed her Allies by signing a separate peace and was actively collaborating with Nazi Germany. Britain's citizens couldn't have been happy with that situation.. Another political miscalculation by Hitler was to allow Mussolini to invade the Balkans prior to his invasion of Russia. The loss of six weeks of good weather bailing the Italians out of their disastrous Balkan adventure cost the Germans the almost certain capture of the Soviet Capital of Moscow. Hitler's political decision to take Stalingrad(Stalingrad was of little military importance) cost Germany its first major defeat in World war Two along with the sixth army.and the German Army's aura of invincibility. The greatest economic triumph of the Soviet Union of World War Two was the moving of its entire industrial base beyond the range range of Germany's bombers. By relocating entire factories, their infrastructure and workers past the Ural Mountains allowed the Soviets to produce war materials unmolested by the German war machine. The single greatest political move by the Soviets during World War Two was to maneuver the Western Allies into being partners against Germany. It must be remembered that prior to the invasion of Russia Stalin and Hitler had been allies. If France and Great Britain had lived up to their treaty with Poland each would have declared war on Russia when she invaded Poland along with Germany in 1939. Additionally, convincing the other allies not to sign a separate peace agreement with Germany was a real coup.

Answer 9

food?

Answer 10

the Soviets.