scientist and their contributions?

Question

please answer that

Answer 1

That isn't a question.

Answer 2

Here are some:
http://botw.org/top/Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Science/Scientists/

Answer 3

10 Foreign Scientists

Maria Skłodowska-Curie
Polish-born French chemist

Birth November 7, 1867
Place of Birth Warsaw, Poland
Death July 4, 1934 (aged 66)
Place of Death Sancellemoz, France
Principal Residence Paris, France
Nationality Polish
 French
Field  Physics
 Chemistry
Institutions Sorbonne
Alma mater Sorbonne
 ESPCI
Academic advisor Henri Becquerel
Notable students André-Louis Debierne
 Marguerite Catherine Perey
Notable prizes Nobel Prize for Physics (1903)
 Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911)
Religion None (Atheist)
Known for  Pioneering the study of radioactivity and discovering the radioactive
elements radium and polonium
Winning the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with her husband, Pierre
Curie, and Antoine Henri Becquerel
Winning the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry, and becoming the first
scientist to receive the award in two different scientific categories
Career 1891 Entered the Sorbonne (now part of the Universities of Paris) to study
physics and mathematics
1898 Discovered the radioactive elements radium and polonium with her
husband, Pierre Curie
1903 Received her doctorate in physics from the Sorbonne
1906 Became professor of general physics and the first woman to teach at
the Sorbonne
1914 Equipped ambulances with X-ray equipment to be used on the front
lines of World War I
1918-1934 Directed the Research Department at the Radium Institute of the
University of Paris
Did You Know Marie Curie was the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne in Paris,
and the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.
Marie Curie died of leukemia brought on by her prolonged
exposure to radioactivity. The notebooks she used are still
radioactive.
Marie Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the 1935 Nobel
Prize in chemistry.
The element curium, discovered in 1944, was named in honor of
Marie and her husband, Pierre.

Albert Einstein
German-born American Physicist

Birth  March 14, 1879
Place of Birth  Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
Death  April 18, 1955 (aged 76)
Place of Death  Princeton, New Jersey
Residence  Germany, Italy, Switzerland, USA
Citizenship  German (1879–96, 1914–33)
 Swiss (1901–55)
 American (1940–55)
Ethnicity  Jewish
Field  Physics
Institutions  Swiss Patent Office (Berne)
 Univ. of Zürich
 Charles Univ.
 Prussian Acad. of Sciences
 Kaiser Wilhelm Inst.
 Univ. of Leiden
 Inst. for Advanced Study
Alma mater  ETH Zürich
Academic advisor  Alfred Kleiner
Notable prizes  Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)
 Copley Medal (1925)
 Max Planck medal (1929)
Known for  Proposing the theory of relativity, a physical theory of gravity, space, and
time < General relativity and Special relativity >
 Brownian motion
 Photoelectric effect
 Mass-energy equivalence
 Einstein field equations
 Unified Field Theory
 Bose–Einstein statistics
 EPR paradox
Career 1905 Published papers on special relativity, Brownian motion, and the
photoelectric effect
1909-1911 Taught physics at the University of Zürich
1911-1912 Taught physics at the German-speaking university in Prague
1912-1914 Returned to teach at the University of Zürich
1914 Became a professor at the University of Berlin and director of the
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics
1916 Published a paper on general relativity, extending his earlier theory of
special relativity
1919 A solar eclipse confirmed Einstein's prediction that starlight bends in
the vicinity of a massive body such as the sun.
1921 Won the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the photoelectric effect
1933 Began teaching at Princeton University
1939 Pointed out, in a letter to President Roosevelt, the possibility that an
extremely powerful bomb might be constructed using atomic chain reactions
in uranium, and suggested that the Germans might be working on such a
bomb
Did You Know  Einstein could not find a job in physics upon graduating from college,
and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. He
worked on theoretical physics in his spare time.
 Einstein did not receive a Nobel Prize for his theory of relativity.
 Einstein immediately left Germany for the United States following Hitler's rise
to power.
Einstein spent much of his later career searching for a unified field
theory, but was unsuccessful.
Einstein declined the presidency of the state of Israel when it was
offered to him in 1952 by state leaders.
The element einsteinium, discovered in 1952, was named in honor of Albert
Einstein.

Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer

Birth  February 19, 1473
Place of Birth  Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Poland
Death  May 24, 1543
Place of Death  Frombork (Frauenburg), Warmia, Poland
Field Mathematician
Astronomer
Jurist
Physician
Classical Scholar
Catholic Cleric
Governor
Administrator
Military Commander
Diplomat
Economist
Alma mater Kraków University
Bologna University
Padua University
Ferrara University
Religion  Roman Catholic
Known for  Proposing a heliocentric (sun-centered) model for the solar system, in which the Sun
is stationary at the center, and Earth and the other planets orbit around it
Career 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy (now Jagiellonian University)
1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna
1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets
1514? Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate
it widely
1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the
Celestial Spheres), which held that Earth and the other planets orbit a centrally located
Sun
Did You Know  Before Copernican theory was accepted, astronomers believed that Earth was
stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved
around it.
 Copernicus was best known to his contemporaries as a doctor and the Canon of
Frauenburg Cathedral.
 Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo attempted to publicize Copernican
theory in the early 1600s, and was convicted of heresy as a result.
 Copernican theory was not widely accepted until the late 17th century—over 100
years after Copernicus's death.
Copernicus's book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, was banned as
heretical by the Catholic Church until 1835.

Sir Isaac Newton
English mathematician and physicist

Birth 4 January 1643 [OS: 25 December 1642]
Place of Birth  Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England
Death 31 March 1727 [OS: 20 March 1726]
Place of Death  Kensington, London, England
Residence  England
Nationality  English
Field  Physicist 
 Mathematician
Astronomer
Natural Philosopher
Alchemist
Institutions  University of Cambridge
Royal Society
Alma mater  Trinity College
University of Cambridge
Known for  Inventing, in part, the branch of mathematics now known as calculus Calculus>
 Formulating the three laws of motion, which describe classical mechanics Newtonian Mechanics- if relativity is excluded>
 Proposing the theory of universal gravitation, which explains that all bodies are
affected by the force called gravity
Classical optics
Career 1661 Entered Trinity College, University of Cambridge
1665-1666 Developed what he called the fluxional method (now known as calculus)
while living in seclusion to avoid the plague
1669-1701 Served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge
1687 Published his seminal work, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
(Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which contained his three laws of
motion and the theory of gravitation
1703-1727 Acted as president of the Royal Society, an organization that promotes the
natural sciences
1704 Published Opticks (Optics), describing his theory that white light is a blend of
different colors
Did You Know  Newton was reluctant to share his research with other scientists for fear they
would take credit for his discoveries.
 Newton instigated a Royal Society investigation to prove that he invented
calculus before German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who had
published the method first.
 In addition to science, Newton showed an interest in alchemy, mysticism, and
theology.
 French writer Voltaire first recorded the story that a falling apple gave Newton
the inspiration for his theory of gravitation. Voltaire cited Newton's niece as his
source for the story.


Niels (Henrik David) Bohr
Danish physicist

Birth  October 7, 1885
Place of Birth  Copenhagen, Denmark
Death  November 18, 1962 (aged 77)
Place of Death  Copenhagen, Denmark
Nationality  Danish
Field  Physics
Institutions  University of Copenhagen
Academic advisor  Christian Christiansen
Notable prizes  Nobel Prize (1922)
Known for  Proposing the Bohr model of the atom, which states that electrons in an atom are
arranged in shells around the atom's nucleus
 Copenhagen interpretation
 Complementarity
Career 1911 Received his doctorate in physics from the University of Copenhagen
1912 Began working with physicist Ernest Rutherford in Manchester, England
1916 Accepted a position as professor of theoretical physics at the University of
Copenhagen
1920 Was appointed head of the new Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of
Copenhagen, a position he held until his death in 1962
1944-1945 Contributed to the creation of the atomic bomb as a member of the Manhattan
Project, a secret effort of the United States government
Did You Know  In 1943 Bohr, whose mother was Jewish, fled German-occupied Denmark in a
fishing boat to Sweden.
 Like several of the other 20th-century physicists who helped create the atomic
bomb, Bohr actively supported nuclear arms control.
 Bohr's son, Aage Bohr, received the 1975 Nobel Prize in physics.
 The element bohrium, discovered in 1981, was named in honor of Niels Bohr.

Democritus
Greek philosopher

Birth  ca. 460 BC
Death  ca. 370 BC
School/tradition  Pre-Socratic philosophy
Main interests Metaphysics / Physics
Notable ideas  Atomism, Distant Star Theory
Influences Leucippus, Melissus of Samos
Influenced Epicurus, Lucretius


Pierre Curie
French physicist and Nobel laureate

Birth  May 15, 1859
Place of Birth  Paris, France
Death  April 19, 1906 (aged 46)
Place of Death  Paris, France
Residence  France
Nationality  French
Field  Physicist
Institutions Sorbonne
Alma mater Sorbonne
Notable students  Paul Langevin
André-Louis Debierne
Marguerite Catherine Perey
Notable prizes  Nobel Prize for Physics (1903)
Known for  Radioactivity
Did You Know  Married to Marie Curie (m. 1895), their children include Irène Joliot-Curie and
Ève Curie.

Michael Faraday
British physicist and chemist

Birth  September 22, 1791
Place of Birth  South London, England—
Death  August 25, 1867
Place of Death  Hampton Court, London, England
Residence  England
Nationality  English
Field  Physicist
 Chemist
Institutions  Royal Institution
Academic advisor  Humphry Davy
Notable prizes  Royal Medal (1846)
Religion  Sandemanian
Known for  Electromagnetic induction
Did You Know  Note that Faraday did not have a tertiary education, however Humphry Davy is
considered to be the equivalent of his doctoral advisor in terms of academic
mentorship.


William Ramsay
British chemist

Birth  October 2, 1852
Place of Birth  Glasgow, Scotland
Death  July 23, 1916 (aged 63)
Place of Death  High Wycombe, Bucks., England
Residence  UK
Nationality  Scottish
Field  Chemist
Institutions  University of Bristol (1880–87)
University of London (1887–1913)
Alma mater  University of Glasgow
 University of Tübingen
Academic advisor  Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig
Notable students  Edward Charles Cyril Baly
 James Johnston Dobbie
Notable prizes  Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1904)
Known for  Noble gases

Glenn Theodore Seaborg
American chemist and Nobel laureate

Birth 19 April 1912
Place of Birth  Ishpeming, Michigan
Death 25 February 1999 (aged 86)
Place of Death  Lafayette, California
Residence  United States
Nationality  American
Field  Nuclear chemist
Institutions  Berkeley
 Manhattan Project
 AEC
Alma mater  UCLA
 Berkeley
Academic advisor  Gilbert Newton Lewis
Notable students  Ralph Arthur James
 Joseph William Kennedy
Kenneth Ross Mackenzie
 Arthur Wall
Notable prizes  Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1951)
Known for  Discovery of 10 elements.