Penshaw monument why does it have no roof?

Question

I AM A LOCAL INTERIOR DESIGNER AND IF MAKES ME WONDER EVERTYTIME I SEE IT WHY DOES IT HAVE NO ROOF

CAN PLEASE SOMEONE HELP WITH THIS.

PIERCE

Answer 1

it was a folly. i don`t know exactly who paid for it but i know it was a copy of Diane`s temple in Greece, it had no roof so Penshaw monument was built the same way.I lived near it for years and this was the most sited answer I was told.

Answer 2

Fair question! I think there are two possible reasons:

1. It was built as a replica of the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. The roof of this temple isn't original - it's a concrete vault added by the Byzantine Greeks when they converted it into a church. So, lacking information about what the original roof looked like, the architect may have decided to leave it open.

2. It was built in the tradition of the 'folly'. Some follies were deliberately built to look partially ruined, for aesthetic reasons - the idea was to imitate the romantic classical ruins found on the continent.

Answer 3

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Answer 5

"About £6,000 was raised by public subscription, which was used to build the Monument. However funding ran out and the roof and interior walls were never added."

"Penshaw Monument", LOCAL STUDIES CENTRE FACT SHEET NUMBER 14, Sunderland Public Libraries : http://www.sunderland.gov.uk/libraries/Leaflets/Penshaw%20Monument%20Factsheet.pdf

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Answer 7

Penshaw Monument is a folly built in 1844 on Penshaw Hill (pronounced locally as /'pɛn,ʃə/), in former County Durham (now part of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear), North East England, between the towns of Washington and Houghton-le-Spring. It is dedicated to John George Lambton, first Earl of Durham and the first Governor of the Province of Canada.

The Monument stands 136 metres above sea level. Built as a half-sized replica of the renowned Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, the monument dominates the local landscape. Penshaw Monument was designed by John and Benjamin Green and built by Thomas Pratt of Sunderland, based on the Doric order. The Monument is the best preserved model of a Doric Hexastyle temple in Britain. The Marquess of Londonderry presented Penshaw Hill as a suitable site.

It is 100 feet (30 metres) long, 53 feet (16 metres) wide and 70 feet (20 metres) high. The columns are each 6 feet and 6 inches (2 metres) in diameter.

The foundation stone was laid by the Marquess of Zetland on 28 August 1844, four years after the death of the Earl.

One of the pillars contains a spiral staircase to a walkway around the top of the monument. This was closed to the public after a 15 year old boy, Temperley Arthur Scott, fell to his death on Easter Monday 1926.

It was acquired by the National Trust as a gift from the 5th Earl of Durham in 1939.

[The legend of the Lambton Worm And Penshaw Monument
The story revolves around John Lambton, heir of the Lambton Estate, County Durham, and his battle with a giant worm which had been terrorising the local villages. As with most myths, details of the story change with each telling.


[edit] Origin of the worm
The story states that the young John Lambton was a rebellious character who missed church one Sunday to go fishing in the River Wear. In many versions of the story, while walking to the river, or setting up his equipment, John receives warnings from an old man that no good can come from missing church.


The wooded riverbanks of the Wear as it flows through Durham.John Lambton does not catch anything until the time the church service finishes, at which point he fishes out a small eel- or lamprey-like creature with nine holes on each side of its salamander-like head. Depending on the version of the story the worm is no bigger than a thumb, or about 3 feet long. In some renditions it has legs, while in others it is said to more closely resemble a snake.

At this point the old man returns, although in some versions it is a different character. John declares that he has caught the devil and decides to dispose of his catch by discarding it down a nearby well. The old man then issues further warnings about the nature of the beast.

John then forgets about the creature and eventually grows up. As a penance for his rebellious early years he joins the crusades.


[edit] The worm's wrath
Eventually the worm grows extremely large and the well becomes poisonous. The villagers start to notice livestock going missing and discover that the fully-grown worm has emerged from the well and coiled itself around a local hill.

In some versions of the story the hill is Penshaw Hill, that on which the Penshaw Monument now stands, but locally the credit goes to the nearby Worm Hill. In most versions of the story the worm is large enough to wrap itself round the hill three times, in others it is nine. The famous song (see below) claims it to be ten. It is said that one can still see the marks of the worm on Worm Hill.

The worm terrorises the nearby villages, eating sheep, preventing cows from producing milk and snatching away small children. It then heads towards Lambton Castle where the Lord (John Lambton's aged father) manages to sedate the creature in what becomes a daily ritual of offering the worm milk of nine good cows, twenty gallons, or a filled wooden/stone trough.

A number of brave villagers try to kill the beast but are quickly dispatched. When a chunk is cut off the worm it simply reattaches the missing piece. Visiting knights also try to assault the beast but none survives. When annoyed the worm would uproot trees by coiling its tail around them. It then created devastation by waving around the uprooted trees like a club.


[edit] The vanquishing of the worm
After seven years John Lambton returns from the crusade to find his father's estates almost destitute because of the worm. John decides to fight it but first seeks the guidance of a wise woman or witch near Durham.

The witch hardens John's resolve to kill the beast by explaining his responsibility for the worm. She tells him to cover his armour in spearheads and fight the worm in the River Wear, where it now spends its days wrapped around a great rock. The witch also tells John that after killing the worm he must then kill the first living thing he sees, or else his family will be cursed for nine generations and will not die in their beds.

John prepares his armour according to the witch's instructions and arranges with his father that when he has killed the worm he will sound his hunting horn three times. On this signal his father is to release his favourite hound so that it will run to John, who can then kill the dog and thus avoid the curse.

John Lambton then fights the worm by the river. The worm tries to crush him, wrapping him in its coils, but it cuts itself on his armour's spikes. As pieces of the worm are chopped off they are washed away by the river, preventing the worm from healing itself. Eventually the worm is dead and John sounds his hunting horn three times.


[edit] The Lambton curse
Unfortunately, John's father is so excited that the beast is dead that he forgets to release the hound and rushes out to congratulate his son. John cannot bear to kill his father and so, after they meet, the hound is released and dutifully dispatched. But it is too late and nine generations of Lambtons are cursed so they shall not die peacefully in their beds.

This curse seems to have held true for at least three generations, possibly helping to contribute to the popularity of the story.

1st generation: Robert Lambton, drowned at Newrig.
2nd: Sir William Lambton, a Colonel of Foot, killed at Marston Moor.
3rd: William Lambton, died in battle at Wakefield.
9th: Henry Lambton, died in his carriage crossing Lambton Bridge on June 26th 1761.
(General Lambton, Henry Lambton's brother, is said to have kept a horse whip by his bedside to ward off violent assaults. He died in his bed at an old age.)


[edit] The song
The story was made into a song, written in 1867 by C.M. Leumane (it has now passed into oral tradition and has several slightly different variants).The dialect is most effective when sung in a regional accent.

(There are several words in the song which readers unfamiliar with the local dialect may not understand. They are picked out in bold type and translated at the end of the relevant line.)

One Sunday mornin' Lambton went
A-fishing in the Wear;
An' catched a fish upon he's heuk
He thowt leuk't vary queer.
But whatt'n a kind ov fish it was
Young Lambton cudden't tell-
He waddn't fash te carry'd hyem,
So he hoyed it doon a well


Chorus
Whisht! lads, haad yor gobs,
An' aa'll tell ye aall an aaful story,
Whisht! lads, haad yor gobs,
An' Aa'll tel ye 'boot the worm.


Noo Lambton felt inclined te gan
An' fight i' foreign wars.
He joined a troop ov Knights that cared
For nowther woonds nor scars,
An' off he went te Palestine
Where queer things him befel,
An varry seun forgat aboot
The queer worm i' the well.


But the worm got fat an' growed an' growed,
An' growed an aaful size;
He'd greet big teeth, a greet big gob,
An greet big goggle eyes.
An' when at neets he craaled aboot
Te pick up bits o' news,
If he felt dry upon the road,
He milked a dozen coos.

This feorful worm would often feed
On caalves an' lambs an' sheep,
An' swally little bairns alive
When they laid doon te sleep.
An when he'd eaten aall he cud
An' he had had he's fill,
He craaled away an' lapped he's tail
Ten times roond Pensher Hill.


The news ov this myest aaful worm
An' his queer gannins on
Seun crossed the seas, gat te the ears
Ov brave an' bowld Sor John.
So hyem he cam an' catched the beast
An' cut 'im in twe haalves,
An' that seun stopped hes eatin' bairns
An' sheep an' lambs an' caalves.

So noo ye knaa hoo aall the foaks
On byeth sides ov the Wear
Lost lots o' sheep an' lots o' sleep
An leeved i' mortal feor.
So let's hev one te brave Sor John
That kept the bairns frae harm,
Saved coos an' calves by myekin' haalves
O' the famis Lambton Worm.


(=caught) (=his hook)
(=thought looked very strange)
(=what kind of)

(=could not be bothered to carry it home)
(=threw it down)



(=Be quiet, boys, shut your mouths)
(=I'll tell you all an awful)

(=about)


(=go)


(=neither wounds)


(=very soon forgot about)







(=nights) (=crawled around)


(=cows)


(=fearful)

(=swallow) (=children)

(=all he could)

(=wrapped)



(=most)
(=goings-on)
(=soon) (=got to)

(=home he came and caught)
(=cut him in two halves)




(=now you know how all the folk)
(=both)

(=And lived in mortal fear)
(=let's drink to brave Sir John)
(=from)
(=making halves)
(=famous)