Someone comes up to you and states that an early species of ape could not have evolved into the first humans..

Question

... because both apes and humans are alive today. This person has failed to grasp the nature of:

A) polygenesis
B) monogenesis
C) cladogenesis
D) anagenesis

Please give explanations to your answer. Thanks

Answer 1

c) cladogenesis.
cladogenesis is the splitting of a genetic line, resulting in multiple species with a single origin, preserving the original species in the process.

anagenesis is when an entire species undergoes genetic drift, thus gradually becoming a new species which replaces entirely the original species.

monogenesis is single origin, as in a single pair produce an entire species (biblical reference)

polygenesis is multiple origin, meaning the belief (also religious) that each race of human developed separately from the others.

Answer 2

C) Cladogenesis

Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting event, it leads to the evolution of a variety sister organisms (humans and apes). Unlike anagenesis, Cladogenesis does not require the extinction of the ancestral population.

Polygenesis means multiple origin, and is a racial origin theory. Polygenesis is also a genetic disorder. Either way it has nothing to do with the question and is wrong.

Monogenies means one origin. So it doesn't prove or disprove that apes could evolve into humans, so it is the wrong answer.

Anagenesis is a splitting event in which an entire population's genes are changed, effectively making it's ancestor extinct. This actually supports the theory that humans couldn't have evolved from apes and is the wrong answer.

The answer is C) Cladogenesis.

Answer 3

C. Cladogenesis is the development of distinct genetic lines from a single species under different environmental/evolutionary influences. That is, it is quite possible, if a subgroup of species X is in a distinct environment for it to evolve into an entirely new species Z, while another population of species X evolves much more slowly and remains essentially the same species.

Answers A and B are differing theories about the origins of races: polygenesis, which was popular in the 19th Century but is now known to be wrong, proposes that different races have distinct evolutionary histories. Monogenesis, not known to be correct, is that all humans come from a single evolutionary line, which split into races.

Answer 4

I'm gonna go with A) since it clearly isn't B) (mono meaning one) and I'm not entirely sure what clado or ana is but they probably are irrelevant to evolution standards of the human today. (poly means more than one)

Answer 5

b