distinguish government from state and state from nation?

Answer 1

Government is the entity that administer the state, Government is one of the elements of the state together with territory, population and sovereignty.

State is the legal personality of a country that represents a certain group of people in an international community. Nation is a more broader term because it is a territory occupied by a larger group of people. The United Arab Republic is an example of a nation of Arabs composed of the Arab countries that divided into separate states which is now Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and to a larger extent - the Arab countries in the Middle East..