how many organelles ar there and what are they?

Answer 1

How many types of organelles there are in a cell partly depends on what kind of cell it is (e.g., plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells don't). In general, however, most cells would have a nucleus (some have several smaller nucleoli as well), mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and many have lysosomes.

Answer 2

This depends on the cell type and species, but in most mammalian cells you have:

nucleus: contains DNA, and is the site of trancription to RNA

endoplasmic reticulum: RNA translated to proteins, new proteins are folded into 3d shapes

golgi apparatus: sorts and modifies proteins, acts like a post office sort of

endosomes: take up material from outside of the cell

lysosomes: break down (digest) unwanted materials

mitochondria: produce energy for the cell by respiration

there are also subtypes of endosomes that are involved in recycling of components as well as subtypes of lysosomes but these are the major ones