I suppose your main interest is in how the U.S. first became involved so heavily in Hawaii and then formally came under its power, rather than the final stage ('from territory to statehood') --
Hawaii's relationship to the United States began, without any thought of annexation, with the work of U.S. missionaries in th 1820s. At the same time, the U.S. was, in the period after the War of 1812 (when the U.S. Navy became firmly established), expanding its exploration and TRADE across the Pacific, esp. to the 'new markets' of the Far East, esp. China. The Hawaiian islands (also then known as the Sandwich Islands) were an important way-station in the middle of the Pacific.
By the 1840s the U.S. influence there (chiefly through the missionaries) was considerable --and had transformed the political system so that the monarchy there adopted its own Constitution.
The administration of John Tyler had a particularly keen interest in the Pacific (seen also in the push toward California & the Oregon Territory), and worked hard to keep Hawaii from being claimed by European powers (esp. Britain). This might be considered as an expansion of the "Monroe Doctrine" (by which the U.S. iin the 1829s made clear that it would oppose any new colonization efforts in the Americas by European powers. (In fact, as friendly as the Hawaiian monarchy was to the U.S. at the time, I believe that at one point appealed to the Tyler administration to protect it from European takeover.)
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Through this whole period American BUSINESS interests in the islands had become considerable. At the same time, Hawaii adopted a series of constitutions. One of these, in 1893, precipitated a crisis. The new Constitution was regarded as threatening American business interests (esp. in the SUGAR crop) as well as to descendants of the original missionaries, who now owned large tracts of land in the island.
Before it could be ratified a small group of opponents of the , chiefly Americans, engineered a coup, with the support of a small group of American troops supplied by the American minister to Hawaii, overthrowing the Kingdom of Hawaii (January 17, 1893). President Cleveland's (second) administration investigated the revolution and made an effort to reinstate the Queen, but they did not count on the unwillingness of the new 'provisional government', which was seeking U.S. annexation, to give back power.
After a struggle of several years between those favoring restoring the monarchy (including President Cleveland) and those favoring annexation, the latter course was followed by the new McKinley adminstration. One factor that gained support for annexation was the outbreak of the Spanish American War at this time (1898). Unfortunately, the annexation treaty was made directly with the government installed by the coup (a "Republic") and was NOT put to a vote by the Hawaiian people
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For the story of the events leading up to the coup and to the annexation, see:
http://www.hawaii-nation.org/soa.html
For a broader sketch of the history of Hawaii from its first contact with Europeans into the "territorial period" to the vote on statehood see:
http://www.hawaiischoolreports.com/history/monarchy.htm
http://www.hawaiischoolreports.com/history/territorial.htm
2007-06-13 22:12:29
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answer #1
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answered by bruhaha 7
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Hawaii is an number of Islands in the Pacific Ocean and have not been attached to the US.
1893, American Colonists who controlled much of Hawaii's economy overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom in a peaceful, yet still controversial coup. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States.
In the 20th century, sugar and pineapple plantations fueled Hawaii's economy bringing an influx of Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Portuguese immigrants. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on Oahu. Four years later, on September 2, 1945, Japan signed its unconditional surrender on the USS Battleship Missouri , which still rests in Pearl Harbor today.
In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th State of the United States. Beyond the sun and surf of the islands, we urge you to discover the rich cultural history of the Islands of Aloha to add even more depth to your visit.
2007-06-10 13:12:30
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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Never. The Hawaiian islands are a chain of volcanic islands that have arisen over a "hot spot" under the earth's crust. When the hot spot becomes less active, and the earth's crust moves and the hot spot becomes more active, again, a new island is formed. The Hawaiian hot spot has created a chain of islands and undersea mountains stretching at least to Midway island, so it is "moving" east, toward the United States.
2007-06-10 04:45:47
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answer #3
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answered by ? 7
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Hawaii hasn't really moved in millions of years.
The North American continent has been pretty
stationary too.
They've each had volcanos, earth quakes, etc, but
no substantial physical movement.
Hawaii became a state in the United States of
America on August 21, 1959.
2007-06-10 04:38:58
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answer #4
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answered by Elana 7
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Never heard of HAWI.
2007-06-10 04:42:44
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answer #5
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answered by Gardner? 6
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